27 Questions
Which theory emphasizes the role of unconscious impulses in driving behavior?
Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
What is the main focus of Erikson's Psychosocial Theory?
Role of society and culture
In the context of development, what is the key characteristic of Behaviourism?
Focus on observable behavior
Which type of learning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response?
Classical conditioning
Which theoretical perspective on human development focuses on the influence of internal drives and unconscious motivations?
Psychoanalytical
What distinguishes continuous development from discontinuous development in human growth according to Siegler?
Continuous is slow and gradual change, while discontinuous is abrupt change.
What type of influences are age-graded and history-graded influences in the context of human development?
Age-graded influences are experienced at different times in life, while history-graded influences are related to historical events affecting a cohort.
What key question about human development focuses on the balance between genetic endowments and environmental factors?
To what extent is development a function of inborn genetic endowments versus the environment?
Which learning theory emphasizes that individuals and the environment interact and influence each other?
Social Learning Theory
In Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Theory, cognitive schemas refer to:
Concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting with the world
According to Behaviorist theories, which of the following is an example of reinforcement?
Experiencing a pleasant outcome after a behavior
Which theory views thinking as information processing involving the manipulation, storage, recall, and use of information to solve problems?
Information Processing Theory
Which theoretical perspective on human development emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in shaping behavior?
Social Learning Theory
In classical conditioning, what term is used to describe the neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?
Conditional Stimulus
What research method involves observing and recording behavior in natural environments without interference or manipulation?
Naturalistic Observation
In the context of operant conditioning, what term refers to the process of weakening a response by removing a positive stimulus?
Negative Reinforcement
Which theoretical perspective of human development emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural context?
Sociocultural
In the context of development, which theory focuses on the interactions among biological, cognitive, and psychological changes within a person's changing context?
Sociocultural Systems
Which theory applies principles of evolution and genetic-environmental interactions to understand human development?
Ethology & Evolutionary Developmental Theory
What characterizes the scientific method in developmental psychology research?
It involves systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation
During which period of prenatal development does the appearance of bone and rapid growth occur?
Fetal Period
Which direction of growth development refers to the growth from midline outward?
Proximodistal development
Brain development in the prenatal period involves the differentiation of stem cells into what structure?
Neural tube
What does Diffusion Tensor Imaging measure?
White matter tracts
Which brain imaging method measures brain function by detecting differences in light absorption between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin?
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)
During which period of prenatal development does the zygote form a protective circle of cells around the inner cluster from which the embryo will develop?
Germinal Period
At what stage does all organs and major body systems form during prenatal development?
Embryonic Period
Test your understanding of the key concepts discussed in Week 1, Lecture 2 about human development theories and approaches. Explore the multidimensional, multidirectional, and plastic nature of human development as influenced by various contexts and disciplines.
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