Theoretical Perspectives on Human Development: Chapter 1 Recap Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which theory emphasizes the role of unconscious impulses in driving behavior?

  • Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
  • Behaviourism
  • Freud’s Psychosexual Theory (correct)
  • Classical conditioning

    • What is the main focus of Erikson's Psychosocial Theory?

  • Observable behavior
  • Unconscious impulses
  • Physical and social environment
  • Role of society and culture (correct)

    • In the context of development, what is the key characteristic of Behaviourism?

  • Role of genetic endowments
  • Influence of society and culture
  • Emphasis on unconscious impulses
  • Focus on observable behavior (correct)

    • Which type of learning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical perspective on human development focuses on the influence of internal drives and unconscious motivations?

    <p>Psychoanalytical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes continuous development from discontinuous development in human growth according to Siegler?

    <p>Continuous is slow and gradual change, while discontinuous is abrupt change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of influences are age-graded and history-graded influences in the context of human development?

    <p>Age-graded influences are experienced at different times in life, while history-graded influences are related to historical events affecting a cohort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key question about human development focuses on the balance between genetic endowments and environmental factors?

    <p>To what extent is development a function of inborn genetic endowments versus the environment?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning theory emphasizes that individuals and the environment interact and influence each other?

    <p>Social Learning Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Theory, cognitive schemas refer to:

    <p>Concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting with the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Behaviorist theories, which of the following is an example of reinforcement?

    <p>Experiencing a pleasant outcome after a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory views thinking as information processing involving the manipulation, storage, recall, and use of information to solve problems?

    <p>Information Processing Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical perspective on human development emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in shaping behavior?

    <p>Social Learning Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, what term is used to describe the neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

    <p>Conditional Stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research method involves observing and recording behavior in natural environments without interference or manipulation?

    <p>Naturalistic Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of operant conditioning, what term refers to the process of weakening a response by removing a positive stimulus?

    <p>Negative Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical perspective of human development emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural context?

    <p>Sociocultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of development, which theory focuses on the interactions among biological, cognitive, and psychological changes within a person's changing context?

    <p>Sociocultural Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory applies principles of evolution and genetic-environmental interactions to understand human development?

    <p>Ethology &amp; Evolutionary Developmental Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the scientific method in developmental psychology research?

    <p>It involves systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period of prenatal development does the appearance of bone and rapid growth occur?

    <p>Fetal Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction of growth development refers to the growth from midline outward?

    <p>Proximodistal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brain development in the prenatal period involves the differentiation of stem cells into what structure?

    <p>Neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Diffusion Tensor Imaging measure?

    <p>White matter tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain imaging method measures brain function by detecting differences in light absorption between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin?

    <p>Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period of prenatal development does the zygote form a protective circle of cells around the inner cluster from which the embryo will develop?

    <p>Germinal Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does all organs and major body systems form during prenatal development?

    <p>Embryonic Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

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