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Questions and Answers
What type of evidence helped archaeologists reconstruct the dietary practices of the Harappans?
Which river is not associated with the location of any listed Harappan site?
What distinguishes the Mature Harappan culture from the Early Harappan cultures?
What characterized the settlements of the archaeological cultures preceding the Mature Harappans?
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Which region is NOT mentioned as being occupied by the Early Harappan cultures?
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What is a key feature shared by various Harappan cultures according to the maps provided?
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Which cereal grains were commonly found at Harappan sites?
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What type of bones indicated domestication of animals at Harappan sites?
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Which animal bones were relatively rare finds at Harappan sites?
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What is notable about the millets found at Harappan sites?
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What remains uncertain about the hunting practices of the Harappans?
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Study Notes
Mature Harappan Sites
- Important Mature Harappan sites include Manda, Harappa, Banawali, Rakhigarhi, Mitathal, Ganweriwala, Kot Diji, Amri, Chanhudaro, Balakot, Mohenjodaro, Sutkagendor, Dholavira, Lothal, Nageshwar, Rangpur, Kalibangan, and Jhelum.
- These sites are located near rivers such as Chenab, Ravi, Indus, Yamuna, Ganga, Chambal, Sabarmati, and Mahi.
Early Harappan Cultures
- Several archaeological cultures existed in the region prior to the Mature Harappan civilization.
- These cultures were characterized by distinctive pottery, evidence of agriculture and pastoralism, and some crafts.
- Settlements were generally small, with virtually no large buildings.
- There was a break between the Early Harappan and the Harappan civilization, marked by large-scale burning at some sites and the abandonment of certain settlements.
Subsistence Strategies
- The Mature Harappan culture developed in areas occupied by the Early Harappan cultures.
- The Harappans had a wide range of plant and animal products in their diet, including fish.
- Archaeobotanists have found evidence of charred grains and seeds, including wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea, and sesame.
- Millets were found in sites in Gujarat, while rice was relatively rare.
- Animal bones found at Harappan sites include those of domesticated cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo, and pig.
- Archaeozoologists have also found bones of wild species such as boar, deer, and gharial.
- Fish and fowl bones have also been discovered, but it is unclear whether the Harappans hunted these animals themselves or obtained meat from other hunting communities.
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Description
Explore the important Mature Harappan sites on a sketch map and learn about the archaeological cultures that existed in the region prior to the Mature Harappan period. Understand the geographical locations and significance of sites like Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Kalibangan, and more.
