Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes John Wycliffe's stance on religious authority?
Which of the following best describes John Wycliffe's stance on religious authority?
- He advocated for celibacy and strict monastic life.
- He believed the Bible should be the primary guide, not papal decrees. (correct)
- He believed in the divine right of kings in religious matters.
- He supported the absolute authority of the Pope and monasteries.
What was the primary outcome of the Council of Constance for John Wycliffe?
What was the primary outcome of the Council of Constance for John Wycliffe?
- His followers were given official recognition by the Church.
- He was promoted to a high position within the Church.
- He was given a chance to defend his views and was found innocent.
- His ideas were declared heretical, and his works were burned. (correct)
How did Jan Huss's teachings primarily influence his followers?
How did Jan Huss's teachings primarily influence his followers?
- They adopted a philosophy of passive resistance and prayer.
- They engaged in military conflict known as the Hussite Wars. (correct)
- They negotiated a peace treaty and rejoined the Catholic Church.
- They initiated a violent campaign to support the German Emperor.
What was Savonarola's main criticism against the Church?
What was Savonarola's main criticism against the Church?
What was a significant long term consequence of the actions and beliefs of Wycliffe, Huss, and Savonarola?
What was a significant long term consequence of the actions and beliefs of Wycliffe, Huss, and Savonarola?
Which event directly preceded the move of the papacy to Avignon?
Which event directly preceded the move of the papacy to Avignon?
What was a direct consequence of the election of Pope Urban VI?
What was a direct consequence of the election of Pope Urban VI?
What was the main goal of the Council of Pisa in 1409?
What was the main goal of the Council of Pisa in 1409?
What was the result of the Council of Constance in 1417?
What was the result of the Council of Constance in 1417?
Which of the following was NOT a factor that damaged the Church during this period?
Which of the following was NOT a factor that damaged the Church during this period?
What was a central belief or action of John Wycliffe?
What was a central belief or action of John Wycliffe?
What was unique about the Western Schism, in terms of the structure of the church?
What was unique about the Western Schism, in terms of the structure of the church?
How did the actions of Philip IV influence the papacy?
How did the actions of Philip IV influence the papacy?
Flashcards
Western Schism
Western Schism
A split in the Catholic Church (1378-1417) with rival popes in Rome and Avignon.
Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII
Pope from 1294-1303, known for conflict with European rulers.
Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI
Italian pope elected in 1378 who resided in Rome during the schism.
Pope Clemens VII
Pope Clemens VII
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Council of Pisa
Council of Pisa
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Council of Constance
Council of Constance
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John Wycliffe
John Wycliffe
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Impact of Schism
Impact of Schism
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Heretic
Heretic
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Jan Huss
Jan Huss
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Hussite Wars
Hussite Wars
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Savonarola
Savonarola
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Study Notes
The Western Schism (1378-1417)
- Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) struggled to control European rulers.
- King Philip IV of France challenged the Pope's authority and demanded taxes from the clergy.
- After Pope Boniface VIII's death, Philip IV influenced the election of a French Pope.
- From 1309 to 1377, popes resided in Avignon, France, instead of Rome.
- In 1378, Bartolomeo Prignano (Pope Urban VI) was elected Pope and resided in Rome.
- French bishops disagreed with this election and elected a rival Pope, Robert de Genève (Pope Clement VII), who resided in Avignon.
- Both claimed legitimate papal authority leading to a divided Catholic Church.
Important Councils
- The Council of Pisa (1409) attempted to resolve the Schism by deposing both Popes and electing a new Pope, Alexander V.
- Alexander V died, succeeded by John XXIII.
- Both previous Popes (Clement VII and Urban VI) refused to acknowledge the new Pope, creating three simultaneous popes.
- The Council of Constance (1417) officially resolved the Schism by electing Martin V as the sole Pope, who resided in Rome.
Damage to the Church
- Despite Martin V's election, the Church suffered major damage.
- Kings exercised control over Church appointments.
- Clerical positions were often bought and sold.
- Church officials were frequently not celibate.
- Poor living conditions for many individuals led to widespread criticism.
John Wycliffe
- Oxford professor John Wycliffe (1328-1384) criticized the power and privileges of the clergy.
- He challenged Papal authority and the practices of monasteries
- He emphasized scripture over the Pope's decrees
- He had followers called the Lollards
- John Wycliffe was declared a heretic and his works were burned. His body was exhumed
Jan Huss
- Czech philosopher and theologian Jan Huss (1372-1415) was inspired by John Wycliffe's work.
- He sought Church reforms and founded Hussitism (a precursor to Protestantism).
- Jan Huss also was declared a heretic by the Council of Constance.
- He was burned at the stake
Savonarola
- Dominican friar Savonarola criticized the Church's wealth and corruption.
- He held control of Florence in a strict religious fashion.
- Savonarola was declared a heretic and executed.
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