Great Western Schism Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is Avignon?

A city in France (correct)

A famous artwork during the Renaissance

A papal possession close to the king of France's territory (correct)

The birthplace of Martin Luther

What was the Black Death?

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

What is Conciliarism?

A heresy that teaches an ecumenical council has more authority than the pope

What is an Anti-pope?

Someone who falsely claims to be pope Signup and view all the answers

What does Humanism focus on?

Cultural fascination with humanity and the human person's relationship to the world Signup and view all the answers

What were the Renaissance Popes known for?

Worldly leadership and involvement in secular affairs over spiritual leadership Signup and view all the answers

What are scruples?

Misgivings about something one feels is wrong Signup and view all the answers

What were the 95 Theses?

A list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church nailed to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany, in 1517 Signup and view all the answers

What is a Papal Bull?

A decree from the pope Signup and view all the answers

What was the Diet of Worms?

An assembly called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521 where Luther refused to recant Signup and view all the answers

What does Sola Fide mean?

Faith alone Signup and view all the answers

What does Sola Scriptura mean?

Scripture alone Signup and view all the answers

What does Sola Gratia mean?

Grace alone Signup and view all the answers

What is a Protestant?

A member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation Signup and view all the answers

What was the Confession of Augsburg?

The meeting in 1530 that officially formulated Lutheran Protestant thought Signup and view all the answers

What is Double Predestination?

The belief that God has already chosen some for salvation and others for damnation Signup and view all the answers

What is a Theocracy?

A government controlled by religious leaders Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?

To define authentic doctrine in response to the Protestant revolt and reform the abuses in the Church Signup and view all the answers

Who was Catherine of Siena?

A Doctor of the Church and prolific letter writer who sought to get Gregory XI to return to Rome Signup and view all the answers

Who succeeded Gregory XI?

Urban VI Signup and view all the answers

Who was Martin Luther?

A German monk who became a prominent critic of the Roman Catholic Church Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Calvin?

A French theologian who developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ulrich Zwingli?

A Swiss reformer influenced by Christian humanism who banned music and relics from services Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry VIII?

The King of England who established the Church of England in 1532 Signup and view all the answers

Who was Juan Diego?

A poor Aztec man who was appeared to by the Blessed Mother and built a church in Mexico City Signup and view all the answers

Who was Pope Pius IX?

The Father of the Catholic Reformation Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. Teresa of Avila?

A Doctor of the Church known for her mystical writings and reform of the Carmelite order Signup and view all the answers

Who was St. John of the Cross?

Close friend of Teresa known for his mystical writings Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Avignon: A papal possession in France, near the French king’s territory, playing a significant role during the schism.
Black Death: A devastating plague in Europe from 1347 to 1351, which affected the church's authority and number of clergy.
Conciliarism: A heretical belief asserting that ecumenical councils hold greater authority than the pope; emerged as a solution to the Great Western Schism.
Anti-pope: An individual who illegitimately claims the title of pope, complicating church governance during the schism.
Humanism: A cultural movement emphasizing human values and personal relationships with the world, often at the expense of traditional religious perspectives.
Renaissance Popes: A succession of ten popes notable for their worldly interests, prioritizing secular affairs over spiritual leadership.
Scruples: Feelings of doubt regarding moral or ethical issues, significantly influencing personal and societal decisions during religious upheavals.

Protestant Reformation Contributions

95 Theses: Posted by Martin Luther in 1517 in Wittenberg, Germany; it criticized church practices and ignited the Protestant Reformation.
Papal Bull: An official decree issued by the pope, often addressing significant matters of doctrine or church governance.
Diet of Worms: An 1521 assembly directed by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V where Luther refused to recant, leading to his excommunication.
Sola Fide: A principle meaning "faith alone," emphasizing faith as the sole means of salvation.
Sola Scriptura: Means "scripture alone," highlighting the authority of the Bible over church traditions.
Sola Gratia: Refers to "grace alone," asserting that salvation comes solely through divine grace.

Protestantism and Key Figures

Protestant: Members of Christian churches arising from the Reformation, rejecting papal authority and certain church practices.
Confession of Augsburg: A pivotal 1530 meeting outlining official Lutheran beliefs, solidifying Protestant doctrine.
Double Predestination: The theological concept that God has predetermined some individuals for salvation and others for damnation.
Theocracy: A government system where religious leaders exercise political power.

Council of Trent and Reform Movements

Council of Trent (1545-1563): A Catholic council aimed at clarifying doctrine and reforming church abuses in response to the Protestant challenge.
Catherine of Siena: Recognized as a Doctor of the Church; her efforts were pivotal in persuading Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome.
Urban VI: An Italian pope whose election was rejected by French cardinals, contributing to the schism.

Influential Reformation Leaders

Martin V: Elected pope after the schism, known for efforts to restore papal authority.
Jan Hus: Czech reform leader, considered a precursor to the Reformation; condemned for heresy by the Council of Constance.
Alexander VI: Notorious corrupt pope (1492-1503) known for nepotism and political machinations, supported by his son Cesare Borgia.
Martin Luther: A pivotal figure of the Reformation whose writings challenged church authority and practices.
John Calvin: Theologian who established Calvinism, attracting followers with his systematic theological thought.
Ulrich Zwingli: Swiss reformer advocating for state control over the church, noted for radical changes in worship practices.

Political Implications of the Reformation

Henry VIII: King of England whose desire to annul his marriage led to the English Reformation and the establishment of the Church of England in 1532.
Juan Diego: An Aztec man known for his encounter with the Virgin Mary, leading to significant religious developments in Mexico.

Catholic Reformation Figures

Pope Pius IX: Lauded as the Father of the Catholic Reformation, reinforcing Catholic doctrine during challenging times.
St. Teresa of Avila: A prominent mystic and author of "Interior Castle," reformed the Carmelite order, emphasizing contemplative prayer.
St. John of the Cross: Close associate of Teresa, known for his mystical writings and contribution to the Carmelite reform movement.

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Test your knowledge of key terms and concepts related to the Great Western Schism. This set of flashcards covers significant events and terms, including Avignon, the Black Death, and Conciliarism. Perfect for students of history looking to deepen their understanding of this pivotal moment in the Church's history.