The Wars of Religion: AP Euro Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What were Huguenots?

  • French nobles
  • French royalty
  • French Protestants (correct)
  • French Catholics

    • Who was Catherine de Medici?

    Regent for her sons in France, a Catholic, and a politique.

    Name the sons of Catherine de Medici.

    Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III.

    What significant event occurred at the wedding of Margaret Valois?

    <p>The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The House of Valois was a ruling family in France that followed Protestantism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are politiques?

    <p>A group who placed politics above religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened during the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?

    <p>Killing of 3,000 Huguenots over 3 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Henry of Navarre?

    <p>He was a Protestant who converted to Catholicism for peace in France and enacted the Edict of Nantes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Catholic Holy League?

    <p>A group of ultra-Catholics in France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the War of the Three Henries?

    <p>A conflict between Henry III, Henry of Navarre, and Henry of Guise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Edict of Nantes accomplish?

    <p>Ended religious conflict and tolerated Huguenots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Philip II of Habsburg Family?

    <p>The 'Most Catholic King' known for his belief in Catholic militantism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Battle of Lepanto?

    <p>A battle between the Spanish and the Turks in the Mediterranean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sparked the Dutch Revolt?

    <p>Religion and taxes against Spain's control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the northern Dutch revolts?

    <p>William of Orange ('the Silent').</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the 'Sea Beggars'?

    <p>Dutch pirates assisting in the resistance against the Spanish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Elizabeth I's policy towards religion?

    <p>A policy of toleration and compromise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Acts of Supremacy declare?

    <p>Named Elizabeth I the supreme governor of the realm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Act of Uniformity?

    <p>Restored Church services under the Book of Common Prayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Mary, Queen of Scots?

    <p>A Catholic who was next in line for the throne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Puritans?

    <p>English Protestants inspired by Calvinist theology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Francis Drake?

    <p>An English seaman and pirate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Spanish Armada?

    <p>A fleet sent by Spain to invade England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the witchcraft craze?

    <p>Widespread persecution of individuals accused of witchcraft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Huguenots and French Wars of Religion

    • Huguenots: French Calvinists opposed to Catholicism, played a significant role in the French Wars of Religion.
    • Civil conflicts between Huguenots and Catholics marked this tumultuous period in French history.

    Key Figures in the French Monarchy

    • Catherine de Medici: Catholic regent for her sons, known for her efforts to achieve a religious compromise amid conflict.
    • Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III: Sons of Catherine de Medici, heirs to the French throne; significant players in the Wars of Religion.
    • Margaret Valois: Catholic sister of Henry III, married Henry of Navarre; her wedding sparked the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

    Significant Events and Policies

    • Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre: A violent outbreak resulting in 3,000 Huguenots killed over three days, initiated by assassinations of Huguenot leaders.
    • War of the Three Henries: Conflict between Henry III, Henry of Navarre, and Henry of Guise; resulted in political intrigue and the eventual rise of Henry of Navarre to the throne.
    • Edict of Nantes: Policy that ended religious conflict in France, officially established Catholicism while granting Huguenots freedoms.

    The Catholic Church and Militarism

    • Catholic Holy League: A coalition of ultra-Catholics aimed at eliminating Protestantism and promoting Henry of Guise’s claim to the throne.
    • Philip II of Habsburg: King of Spain who pursued Catholic militantism, aiming for dominance in Europe and the unification of Spain and the Netherlands.

    Conflicts and Revolts

    • Battle of Lepanto: Naval battle where Spain, led by Philip II, defeated the Turks, a significant victory for Christendom.
    • Dutch Revolt: Resistance against Spanish authority in the Netherlands, aimed at freeing northern provinces from religious and economic oppression.
    • William of Orange: Leader of the Dutch Revolts, advocated for the unity of provinces while respecting religious differences.

    English Reformation and Political Developments

    • Elizabeth I: Queen known for her politique approach, emphasized religious toleration and effective foreign policy during the late 1500s.
    • Acts of Supremacy: Established Elizabeth I as the supreme governor of the realm, facilitating a compromise between Catholic and Protestant preferences.
    • Act of Uniformity: Reinstated Church services per the Book of Common Prayer, tailored to accommodate both Protestant and Catholic practices.

    Socio-Political Tensions

    • Mary, Queen of Scots: Catholic claimant to the English throne; executed after plots against Elizabeth I.
    • Puritans: English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England from Catholic influences.
    • Witchcraft Craze: A consequence of heightened religious tensions, resulting in widespread accusations and persecution of alleged witches, predominantly older women.
    • Francis Drake: Notorious English privateer who plundered Spanish treasure fleets, contributing to England’s naval reputation.
    • The Spanish Armada: A fleet assembled for the invasion of England; ultimately failed due to a storm and effective English defenses.

    Overall Context

    • The period marked by these events reflects the intersection of religion, politics, and societal unrest across Europe, with significant implications for the future governance and religious landscape.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key terms and figures from the Wars of Religion in Europe with these AP Euro flashcards. Each card provides essential definitions and contextual information to help you understand the complexities of this turbulent period.

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