78 Questions
True or false: Depolarization events are caused by voltage-gated calcium channels opening.
False
What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
To channel electrical signals that end with the release of neurotransmitters
True or false: The nervous system is solely responsible for chemical communications in the body, while the endocrine system handles electrical communications.
False
What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
To channel electrical signals that end with the release of neurotransmitters
True or false: Depolarization events cause voltage to shift towards +55mV by opening sodium channels.
False
What is the function of glia cells in the nervous system?
They increase the speed of electrical signals and regulate extracellular fluid
What is the main difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
The nervous system is the body's electrical communications system, while the endocrine system is the chemical communications system.
True or false: Depolarization events shift voltage towards +55mV by opening sodium channels.
False
What is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
The nervous system is the body's electrical communications system, while the endocrine system is the chemical communications system
True or false: Action potentials can be initiated by voltage-gated potassium channels opening at -55mV.
False
What is the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?
They support the neurons of the peripheral nervous system
True or false: Action potentials can be triggered at any voltage level.
False
What is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
The nervous system is the body's electrical communications system, while the endocrine system is the chemical communications system.
True or false: Action potentials are a gradual event, caused by voltage-gated sodium channels opening at -55mV.
False
True or false: The function of neurons is to release neurotransmitters that ultimately result in the channeling of electrical signals.
False
What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?
To channel electrical signals that ultimately end with the release of neurotransmitters
True or false: Gated ion channels are always open at rest and only close once a stimulus is received.
False
What are the components of a neuron?
Dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and axon terminal
Which ion is a resting neuron most permeable to?
Potassium
What is the role of glia cells in the nervous system?
To support the functioning of neurons
True or false: Gated ion channels are always open and allow ions to flow freely in and out of the cell.
False
What are the components of a neuron?
Dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and axon terminal
True or false: Gated ion channels are open at rest, and close once a stimulus is received, leading to an action potential.
False
True or false: A neuron comprises of dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and axon terminal.
True
True or false: Saltatory conduction occurs when electrical signals travel along the entire length of the axon.
False
True or false: Axon insulation with glia cells hinders saltatory conduction, where electrical signals skip along nodes of Ranvier.
False
What is the role of glia cells in the nervous system?
To support the functioning of neurons
True or false: The myelin sheath around axons is made up of neurons.
False
What is the peripheral nervous system composed of in vertebrates?
Sensory and motor neurons
What is the junction between the pre- and post-synaptic cell called?
Synaptic cleft
True or false: Sensory and motor neurons are not combined in vertebrates to form nerves that are part of the peripheral nervous system.
False
What is the function of gated ion channels in generating an action potential?
They significantly and rapidly shift the membrane potential to an action potential
True or false: Voltage-gated calcium channels are located on the axon membrane.
True
What is the peripheral nervous system?
The system of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
-70 mV
True or false: Glia cells are not significant for the proper functioning of neurons.
False
True or false: Voltage-gated calcium channels at the axon terminal prevent the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
False
What is the voltage threshold required to generate an action potential?
-55 mV
What is the function of glia cells in the nervous system?
To support and protect neurons
True or false: Voltage-gated potassium channels at the axon terminal allow for synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
False
True or false: The membrane potential can be pushed to -55mV through the summation of inhibitory post-synaptic potentials.
False
True or false: Spatial summation occurs when multiple synapses are activated simultaneously.
True
What establishes and maintains the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
The re-distribution of electrolytes
How is the resting membrane potential of a neuron established and maintained?
By the re-distribution of electrolytes
How do neurotransmitters travel from the synaptic cleft to the post-synaptic cell?
By diffusion
True or false: The re-distribution of electrolytes does not play a role in the establishment and maintenance of the resting membrane potential of a neuron.
False
True or false: Temporal and spatial summation of inhibitory post-synaptic potentials can push the membrane potential to -55mV.
False
What is the key factor in rapidly shifting the membrane potential to an action potential?
Gated ion channels
True or false: Neurotransmitters do not need to be removed from the synaptic cleft to prevent continuous firing.
False
True or false: Gated ion channels do not play a significant role in rapidly shifting the membrane potential to an action potential.
False
What is the key to significantly and rapidly shifting the membrane potential to an action potential?
Gated ion channels
What is the function of motor proteins in the nervous system?
They carry neurotransmitters along microtubules to the synaptic cleft
What is the key to rapidly shifting the membrane potential to an action potential?
Gated ion channels
True or false: Neurotransmitters are always immediately degraded once released into the synaptic cleft.
False
True or false: Neurotransmitters are broken down and recycled after they are released into the synaptic cleft.
True
What are nerves in the peripheral nervous system composed of?
Both sensory and motor neurons
True or false: Neuroplasticity does not allow for the modification and strengthening of neural connections through repeated cognitive activities.
False
True or false: To generate an action potential, the membrane potential must rise from -70 to -45 mV.
False
True or false: Neuroplasticity refers to the inability of the brain to change and adapt throughout life.
False
What is the membrane potential required to generate an action potential?
-55 mV
True or false: Neuroplasticity only occurs during early development and cannot be changed in adulthood.
False
What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?
Sensory and motor neurons bundled together to form nerves
What is the threshold for generating an action potential?
-55 mV
What is the composition of a neuron?
Dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminal
True or false: The speed of nerve impulses is faster in unmyelinated axons compared to myelinated axons.
False
How do neurotransmitters travel to the post-synaptic cell?
Through diffusion to surface receptors on the post-synaptic cell
What is the junction between the pre- and post-synaptic cell called?
The synaptic cleft
What is the junction between the pre- and post-synaptic cell called?
Synaptic cleft
True or false: The synapse occurs at the junction between the pre- and post-synaptic cell, called the synaptic cleft.
True
True or false: The opening of chloride channels can lead to a depolarization event.
False
True or false: Gated ion channels only open in response to electrical stimuli.
False
True or false: Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of neurons to change their structure and function in response to experience.
True
True or false: Inhibitory post-synaptic potentials always cause the membrane potential to become more positive.
False
True or false: The release of neurotransmitters can lead to the activation of ionotropic receptors.
True
True or false: Neurotransmitters travel by active transport to the surface receptors on the post-synaptic cell.
False
How do neurotransmitters travel to the surface receptors on the post-synaptic cell?
Through diffusion
How do neurotransmitters travel to the surface receptors on the post-synaptic cell?
By diffusion
What establishes and maintains the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Re-distribution of ions
Study Notes
- The nervous system is the body's electrical communications system, while the endocrine system is the chemical communications system.
- Neurons are the featured cell of the nervous system, and their function is to channel electrical signals that ultimately end with the release of neurotransmitters.
- A neuron consists of dendrites, a cell body, an axon, and axon terminal.
- In vertebrates, sensory and motor neurons are bundled together to form nerves that are part of the peripheral nervous system.
- Glia cells are support cells that are necessary for the proper functioning of neurons.
- The resting membrane potential of a neuron is established and maintained by the re-distribution of electrolytes.
- Gated ion channels are key to significantly and rapidly shifting the membrane potential to an action potential.
- To generate an action potential, the membrane potential needs to rise from -70 to -55 mV.
- The junction between the pre- and post-synaptic cell, where the synapse occurs, is called the synaptic cleft.
- Neurotransmitters are secreted and travel by diffusion to the surface receptors on the post-synaptic cell.
"Test your knowledge on the fascinating world of neurons and synapses with our quiz! From the role of the nervous and endocrine systems to the structure of neurons and their electrical signals, this quiz covers it all. Discover the importance of glia cells and gated ion channels, and learn about the complex process of neurotransmitter release. Impress your friends with your newfound knowledge on the inner workings of the brain!"
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
