36 Questions
What can falsely elevate values in unpurified water with traces of sodium ions?
Sodium ions.
What percentage of water does the human body contain?
The human body contains 40-75% water.
What can falsely elevate values in unpurified water with traces of sodium ions?
Sodium ions.
What is the major function of potassium in the body?
Regulates neuro-muscular excitability, heart contraction, and ICF volume and H+ concentration.
What is the major function of potassium in the body?
Potassium regulates neuro-muscular excitability, heart contraction, and ICF volume and H+ concentration.
Where is water located in the human body?
Water is located in intracellular and extracellular compartments.
What organ is important in regulating K+ balance?
Kidneys.
Which organ is important in regulating potassium balance?
Kidneys.
How are concentrations of ions in cells maintained?
Concentrations of ions in cells are maintained by active and passive transport.
What are some factors that can cause hypokalemia?
Insulin overdose, alkalosis, diuretics, and other factors.
What is osmolality based on?
Osmolality is a physical property based on solute concentration.
What are some factors that can cause hypokalemia?
Insulin overdose, alkalosis, diuretics, and other factors.
What does the hypothalamus do in response to increased osmolality?
The hypothalamus responds to increased osmolality by stimulating thirst and ADH secretion.
What can cause hyperkalemia?
Increased intake of K+ or altered cellular uptake.
What can cause hyperkalemia?
Increased intake of K+ or altered cellular uptake.
Why are potassium levels in plasma slightly lower than in serum?
Due to K+ release from ruptured platelets during blood clotting.
What is the normal plasma osmolality range?
The normal plasma osmolality range is 275-295 mOsm/kg of plasma H20.
Why are potassium levels in plasma slightly lower than in serum?
Due to K+ release from ruptured platelets during blood clotting.
What is chloride's major function in the body?
Chloride is a major extracellular anion involved in maintaining osmolarity, blood volume, and electric neutrality.
What does the osmolal gap indicate?
The osmolal gap indicates the presence of substances other than Na+, urea, or glucose.
What is the major function of chloride in the body?
Maintaining osmolarity, blood volume, and electric neutrality.
What stimulates aldosterone secretion to conserve Na+ and Cl-?
Excessive sweating.
What hormone is stimulated by excessive sweating to conserve Na+ and Cl-?
Aldosterone.
Why are electrolytes required in the human body?
Electrolytes are required for various bodily processes such as volume and osmotic regulation, myocardial rhythm and contractility, enzyme activation, ATPase ion pumps, acid-base balance, blood coagulation, and neuromuscular excitability.
What are some causes of hypochloremia?
Salt-losing nephritis, Addisonian crisis, and metabolic acidosis.
What are the specific electrolytes required for each bodily process?
The specific electrolytes required for each process include sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, zinc, bicarbonate, and phosphate.
What can cause hypochloremia?
Salt-losing nephritis, Addisonian crisis, and metabolic acidosis.
What can prolonged vomiting cause?
Metabolic alkalosis.
What is required for ATP production from glucose?
ATP production from glucose also requires magnesium.
What can prolonged vomiting cause?
Metabolic alkalosis.
What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular compartments?
Intracellular compartments are located within cells, while extracellular compartments are located outside of cells.
What is the Fiske-Subbarow method commonly used for?
Measuring phosphate levels.
What hormones play a role in regulating electrolyte levels?
Aldosterone and parathyroid hormone.
What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid?
Sodium.
What is the function of ADH?
ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, regulates the body's water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is the Fiske-Subbarow method commonly used to measure?
Phosphate levels.
Study Notes
- Human body contains 40-75% water.
- Water is located in intracellular and extracellular compartments.
- Concentrations of ions in cells are maintained by active and passive transport.
- Osmolality is a physical property based on solute concentration.
- Hypothalamus responds to increased osmolality by stimulating thirst and ADH secretion.
- Normal plasma osmolality is 275-295 mOsm/kg of plasma H20.
- Osmolal gap indicates presence of substances other than Na+, urea, or glucose.
- Electrolytes are required for various bodily processes such as volume and osmotic regulation, myocardial rhythm and contractility, enzyme activation, ATPase ion pumps, acid-base balance, blood coagulation, and neuromuscular excitability.
- Specific electrolytes required for each process include sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, zinc, bicarbonate, and phosphate.
- ATP production from glucose also requires magnesium.
Test your knowledge on the intricate world of bodily fluids and electrolytes with this quiz. From the essential role of water in our bodies to the importance of electrolytes in regulating bodily processes, this quiz covers everything you need to know. Learn about osmolality and osmolal gap, and how the hypothalamus responds to changes in solute concentrations. Get familiar with the different electrolytes required for various bodily processes, including ATP production from glucose. Challenge yourself and see how well you fare in this
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