42 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?
Asthma
Which lifestyle modification is recommended for reducing systolic blood pressure?
Consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
Which medication class blocks epinephrine and norepinephrine at beta-adrenergic receptors?
Beta blockers
What is the recommended treatment for hypertensive urgency?
Outpatient management at urgent care
According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, what is the definition of hypertension?
SBP > 130 or DBP > 80 mm Hg
What is the equation for calculating blood pressure (BP) using cardiac output (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)?
BP = CO x PVR
Which of the following is the most common cause of hypertension?
Primary/Essential HTN
True or false: Hypertension is a major cause of Premature death, MI, HF, CVA, and Renal disease?
True
True or false: Primary/Essential HTN accounts for 90-95% of hypertension cases?
True
True or false: Secondary HTN is more common than Primary HTN?
False
True or false: Hypertensive urgency is defined as a blood pressure (BP) reading >180/120 mm Hg with no target organ damage.
True
True or false: Hypertensive emergency is characterized by the presence of ongoing target organ damage.
True
True or false: Direct renin inhibitors, such as aliskiren, are adjuvant medications commonly used in the management of hypertensive crisis.
False
True or false: Sodium nitroprusside is a direct acting vasodilator that directly relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels.
True
Match the following factors with their role in blood pressure regulation:
CO = $CO = HR \times SV$ PVR = Resistance in the peripheral blood vessels Neural = Involves the sympathetic nervous system and vasomotor center in the brain Hormonal = Involves vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Match the following vasodilators and vasoconstrictors with their role in blood pressure regulation:
Vasoconstrictors = Endothelin-1, angiotensin II, PDGF Vasodilators = Nitric oxide
Match the following risk factors for hypertension with their corresponding letters in the 'RISK FACTOR' mnemonic:
Restricting activity = R Increase Na or ETOH intake = I Smoking or stress = S Cholesterol is high = C
Match the following abbreviations with their corresponding meanings:
JNC 8 = Joint National Committee 8 Guidelines HTN = Hypertension CAD = Coronary Artery Disease CVD = Cardiovascular Disease
Match the following symptoms with their corresponding conditions:
C = Change in vision/chest pain H = Headache I = Irritability E = Epistaxis
Match the following stages of Hypertension with their corresponding treatment methods:
Stage 1 HTN = Lifestyle changes + BP lowering medications Stage 2 HTN = Lifestyle changes + BP lowering medications Elevated = Lifestyle changes Normal = Promote optimal lifestyle habits
Match the following types of blood pressure medications with their corresponding actions:
Selective $\beta$ blockers = Blocks epinephrine and norepinephrine at $\beta$-adrenergic receptors Non-selective $\beta$ blockers = Blocks epinephrine and norepinephrine at $\beta$-adrenergic receptors Direct vasodilators = Directly relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels = dilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance RAAS = Direct renin inhibitors: aliskiren (Tekturna)
According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, what is the definition of hypertension?
SBP > 130 or DBP > 80 mm Hg
True or false: Hypertension is a major cause of Premature death, MI, HF, CVA, and Renal disease?
True
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?
Normal BMI
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?
Asthma medications
What is the equation for calculating blood pressure (BP) using cardiac output (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)?
BP = CO + PVR
Which medication class is associated with a black box warning for abrupt discontinuation causing exacerbation of angina, dysrhythmias, and myocardial infarctions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Beta blockers
Which of the following lifestyle modifications is recommended for reducing systolic blood pressure?
Weight loss
Match the following equations with their corresponding components in the regulation of blood pressure (BP):
$BP = CO x PVR$ = Overall equation for blood pressure $CO = HR x SV$ = Equation for cardiac output $PVR = \frac{BP}{CO}$ = Equation for peripheral vascular resistance $SV = Preload - Afterload$ = Equation for stroke volume
Match the following hormones with their corresponding effects on blood pressure:
Vasopressin (ADH) = Increases water reabsorption, leading to increased blood volume and blood pressure Renin = Catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Angiotensin II = Potent vasoconstrictor, increases blood pressure Nitric oxide = Potent vasodilator, decreases blood pressure
Match the following conditions with their corresponding type of hypertension:
Coarctation of the aorta = Secondary hypertension Cause unknown, multifactorial = Primary/Essential hypertension Accounts for 90-95% of cases = Primary/Essential hypertension Results from another condition = Secondary hypertension
Match the following abbreviations with their corresponding meanings:
JNC 8 = Joint National Committee 8 Guidelines CVD = Clinical Cardiovascular Disease HTN = Hypertension BP = Blood Pressure
Match the following symptoms with their corresponding conditions:
Change in vision/chest pain = Angina, MI, HF Headache = Hypertensive Urgency Irritability = Hypertensive Crisis Epistaxis = Hypertensive Emergency
Match the following stages of Hypertension with their corresponding treatment methods:
Normal = Promote optimal lifestyle habits Elevated = Lifestyle changes Stage 1 HTN = Lifestyle changes + BP lowering medications Stage 2 HTN = Lifestyle changes + BP lowering medications
Match the following risk factors for hypertension with their corresponding letters in the 'RISK FACTOR' mnemonic:
R = Race I = Increased salt intake S = Stress K = Kidney disease
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?
Advanced age
True or false: Hypertension is a major cause of Premature death, MI, HF, CVA, and Renal disease?
True
What is the equation for calculating blood pressure (BP) using cardiac output (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)?
BP = CO x PVR
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?
Asthma
True or false: Sodium nitroprusside is a direct acting vasodilator that directly relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessels.
True
Which medication class is associated with a black box warning for abrupt discontinuation causing exacerbation of angina, dysrhythmias, and myocardial infarctions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Selective beta blockers
According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, what is the definition of hypertension?
Blood pressure (BP) reading >130/80 mm Hg
Test your knowledge on antihypertensive drugs with this informative quiz! Learn about the silent killer, hypertension, and its impact on various health conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease. Discover important statistics and gain insights from medical professionals to better understand this global health issue.
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