The Skeletal System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cranium bones?

  • Facilitate jaw movement
  • Support facial muscles
  • Enclose the brain (correct)
  • Allow for blood circulation

    • How many separate bones are in the axial skeleton?

  • 106
  • 80 (correct)
  • 50
  • 120

    • What is the role of collagen fibers in bone structure?

  • Make bone flexible and strong (correct)
  • Provide compressive strength
  • Make bone rigid and unbreakable
  • Enhance mineral absorption

    • Which of the following is true regarding the sutures in the skull?

    <p>They are immovable joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of vertebral bones in the vertebral column?

    <p>26</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions contains true ribs?

    <p>Thoracic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hyoid bone?

    <p>Facilitate tongue movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vertebrae make up the lumbar region of the spinal column?

    <p>5 lumbar vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the three parts that divide the axial skeleton?

    <p>Vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes the mandible from other skull bones?

    <p>It is attached by a movable joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vertebrae aids in protecting the spinal cord?

    <p>Vertebral arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of bone contributes to its ability to resist compression?

    <p>Calcium salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes floating ribs?

    <p>Not connected to the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is NOT common to all vertebrae?

    <p>Sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the sacrum in the vertebral column?

    <p>Fusion of 5 vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly categorizes the ribs?

    <p>Floating ribs are pairs 11–12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of osseous tissue found in bones?

    <p>Compact and Spongy bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is classified as a long bone?

    <p>Femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone primarily composes the shaft of long bones?

    <p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are present in the adult human skeleton?

    <p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of bones has a layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone?

    <p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a short bone?

    <p>Tarsals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two subdivisions make up the human skeleton?

    <p>Axial and Appendicular skeletons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily makes up the epiphysis of a long bone?

    <p>Spongy bone enclosed by a thin layer of compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of articular cartilage in the long bone?

    <p>Decreases friction at joint surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the epiphyseal plate do in a growing long bone?

    <p>Causes lengthwise growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained in the medullary cavity of an adult long bone?

    <p>Yellow marrow, mostly fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the epiphyseal line?

    <p>It is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue lines the inner surface of the shaft of a long bone?

    <p>Endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options correctly describes bone markings?

    <p>Provide sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by bone markings that start with the letter 'F'?

    <p>They are classified as depressions or cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>126</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two bones that make up the shoulder girdle?

    <p>Clavicle and Scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the light and poorly reinforced structure of the shoulder girdle?

    <p>To allow flexibility of the upper limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

    <p>Humerus head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the anatomical position, which bone is medial in the forearm?

    <p>Ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the humerus articulates with the bones of the forearm?

    <p>Trochlea and capitulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the radius?

    <p>It is located on the lateral side in the anatomical position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are involved in the proximal end articulation of the ulna?

    <p>Humerus at coronoid process and olecranon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Skeletal System

    • The skeletal system supports, protects, allows movement, stores minerals and fats, and is involved in blood cell formation (hematopoiesis).
    • There are two subdivisions of the skeleton: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

    Structure of Bone

    • There are two basic types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone.
    • Long bones have a shaft with enlarged ends.
    • All of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones) are long bones.

    Classification of Bones

    • The adult skeleton has 206 bones.
    • Bones are classified based on their shape: long, flat, short, and irregular.

    Axial Skeleton

    • The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body and consists of 80 separate bones, divided into: the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.
    • The skull is made up of cranial bones (enclosing the brain) and facial bones.
    • The vertebral column, or spine, extends from the skull to the pelvis and consists of 26 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.

    Vertebral Column

    • The vertebral column is made up of 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
    • The sacrum is formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae.
    • The coccyx is formed by the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae.
    • Common features of vertebrae include: body (centrum), vertebral arch (including pedicle and lamina), vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, and superior and inferior articular processes.

    Thoracic Cage

    • The bony thorax, or thoracic cage, protects organs of the thoracic cavity.
    • It consists of the sternum, ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs), and thoracic vertebrae.

    Appendicular Skeleton

    • The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones and includes the limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle.

    Bones of the Shoulder Girdle (Pectoral Girdle)

    • The shoulder girdle is composed of the clavicle and scapula.
    • It is a light and poorly reinforced girdle, allowing for exceptional flexibility in the upper limb.

    Bones of the Upper Limbs

    • The humerus forms the arm, articulating proximally with the scapula and distally with the bones of the forearm.
    • The forearm contains the ulna (medial bone) and the radius (lateral bone).
    • The ulna articulates proximally with the humerus and distally with the radius and wrist bones.
    • The radius articulates proximally with the humerus and distally with the ulna and wrist bones.

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    Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating components of the skeletal system, including its structure and classification. This quiz covers the axial and appendicular skeletons, different types of bone tissue, and the functions of bones within the body. Test your knowledge on the essentials of human anatomy!

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