Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cranium bones?
What is the primary function of the cranium bones?
- Facilitate jaw movement
- Support facial muscles
- Enclose the brain (correct)
- Allow for blood circulation
How many separate bones are in the axial skeleton?
How many separate bones are in the axial skeleton?
- 106
- 80 (correct)
- 50
- 120
What is the role of collagen fibers in bone structure?
What is the role of collagen fibers in bone structure?
- Make bone flexible and strong (correct)
- Provide compressive strength
- Make bone rigid and unbreakable
- Enhance mineral absorption
Which of the following is true regarding the sutures in the skull?
Which of the following is true regarding the sutures in the skull?
What is the total number of vertebral bones in the vertebral column?
What is the total number of vertebral bones in the vertebral column?
Which of the following regions contains true ribs?
Which of the following regions contains true ribs?
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
What type of vertebrae make up the lumbar region of the spinal column?
What type of vertebrae make up the lumbar region of the spinal column?
What is one of the three parts that divide the axial skeleton?
What is one of the three parts that divide the axial skeleton?
Which feature distinguishes the mandible from other skull bones?
Which feature distinguishes the mandible from other skull bones?
Which part of the vertebrae aids in protecting the spinal cord?
Which part of the vertebrae aids in protecting the spinal cord?
What characteristic of bone contributes to its ability to resist compression?
What characteristic of bone contributes to its ability to resist compression?
Which of the following best describes floating ribs?
Which of the following best describes floating ribs?
What feature is NOT common to all vertebrae?
What feature is NOT common to all vertebrae?
What forms the sacrum in the vertebral column?
What forms the sacrum in the vertebral column?
Which of the following correctly categorizes the ribs?
Which of the following correctly categorizes the ribs?
What are the two main types of osseous tissue found in bones?
What are the two main types of osseous tissue found in bones?
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
Which bone is classified as a long bone?
Which bone is classified as a long bone?
What type of bone primarily composes the shaft of long bones?
What type of bone primarily composes the shaft of long bones?
How many bones are present in the adult human skeleton?
How many bones are present in the adult human skeleton?
Which classification of bones has a layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone?
Which classification of bones has a layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone?
Which of the following is an example of a short bone?
Which of the following is an example of a short bone?
What two subdivisions make up the human skeleton?
What two subdivisions make up the human skeleton?
What primarily makes up the epiphysis of a long bone?
What primarily makes up the epiphysis of a long bone?
What is the function of articular cartilage in the long bone?
What is the function of articular cartilage in the long bone?
What does the epiphyseal plate do in a growing long bone?
What does the epiphyseal plate do in a growing long bone?
What is contained in the medullary cavity of an adult long bone?
What is contained in the medullary cavity of an adult long bone?
Which statement is true regarding the epiphyseal line?
Which statement is true regarding the epiphyseal line?
What type of connective tissue lines the inner surface of the shaft of a long bone?
What type of connective tissue lines the inner surface of the shaft of a long bone?
Which of the following options correctly describes bone markings?
Which of the following options correctly describes bone markings?
What is indicated by bone markings that start with the letter 'F'?
What is indicated by bone markings that start with the letter 'F'?
How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
What are the two bones that make up the shoulder girdle?
What are the two bones that make up the shoulder girdle?
What is the function of the light and poorly reinforced structure of the shoulder girdle?
What is the function of the light and poorly reinforced structure of the shoulder girdle?
What articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
What articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
In the anatomical position, which bone is medial in the forearm?
In the anatomical position, which bone is medial in the forearm?
What part of the humerus articulates with the bones of the forearm?
What part of the humerus articulates with the bones of the forearm?
Which of the following correctly describes the radius?
Which of the following correctly describes the radius?
Which bones are involved in the proximal end articulation of the ulna?
Which bones are involved in the proximal end articulation of the ulna?
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Study Notes
The Skeletal System
- The skeletal system supports, protects, allows movement, stores minerals and fats, and is involved in blood cell formation (hematopoiesis).
- There are two subdivisions of the skeleton: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
Structure of Bone
- There are two basic types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone.
- Long bones have a shaft with enlarged ends.
- All of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones) are long bones.
Classification of Bones
- The adult skeleton has 206 bones.
- Bones are classified based on their shape: long, flat, short, and irregular.
Axial Skeleton
- The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body and consists of 80 separate bones, divided into: the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.
- The skull is made up of cranial bones (enclosing the brain) and facial bones.
- The vertebral column, or spine, extends from the skull to the pelvis and consists of 26 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.
Vertebral Column
- The vertebral column is made up of 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
- The sacrum is formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae.
- The coccyx is formed by the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae.
- Common features of vertebrae include: body (centrum), vertebral arch (including pedicle and lamina), vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, and superior and inferior articular processes.
Thoracic Cage
- The bony thorax, or thoracic cage, protects organs of the thoracic cavity.
- It consists of the sternum, ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs), and thoracic vertebrae.
Appendicular Skeleton
- The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones and includes the limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle.
Bones of the Shoulder Girdle (Pectoral Girdle)
- The shoulder girdle is composed of the clavicle and scapula.
- It is a light and poorly reinforced girdle, allowing for exceptional flexibility in the upper limb.
Bones of the Upper Limbs
- The humerus forms the arm, articulating proximally with the scapula and distally with the bones of the forearm.
- The forearm contains the ulna (medial bone) and the radius (lateral bone).
- The ulna articulates proximally with the humerus and distally with the radius and wrist bones.
- The radius articulates proximally with the humerus and distally with the ulna and wrist bones.
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