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Questions and Answers
What is the primary composition of the diaphysis in a long bone?
What is the primary composition of the diaphysis in a long bone?
Which structure in a long bone is responsible for decreasing friction at joint surfaces?
Which structure in a long bone is responsible for decreasing friction at joint surfaces?
What is found in the medullary cavity of long bones in adults?
What is found in the medullary cavity of long bones in adults?
What is the function of the periosteum in a long bone?
What is the function of the periosteum in a long bone?
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Which of the following best describes the epiphysis of a long bone?
Which of the following best describes the epiphysis of a long bone?
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Which bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
Which bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
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What is the primary composition of bones?
What is the primary composition of bones?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
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Which type of bone is represented by the femur and tibia?
Which type of bone is represented by the femur and tibia?
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What role do bones play in hematopoiesis?
What role do bones play in hematopoiesis?
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Which bones are considered short bones?
Which bones are considered short bones?
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Which of the following accurately describes flat bones?
Which of the following accurately describes flat bones?
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Which statement about the axial skeleton is true?
Which statement about the axial skeleton is true?
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Study Notes
The Skeletal System
- The human skeleton is divided into two groups: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
- The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and includes the skull, bony thorax (ribs and sternum), and vertebral column.
- The appendicular skeleton is everything else, including the bones of the shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.
Bones of the Skeletal System
- Skull: Cranial bones (forms the top and back, encloses the brain), Facial skeleton (makes up the face).
- Cranial Bones: Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid.
- Facial Bones: Nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible.
Types of Bones
- Long Bones: Femur (thigh), tibia (larger shin), fibula (smaller shin), humerus (upper arm), radius (larger forearm), ulna (smaller forearm).
- Short Bones: Carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankle).
- Flat Bones: Skull, sternum (breastbone), scapula (shoulder blade).
- Irregular Bones: Vertebrae (spine), pelvic bones.
Bony Thorax
- Forms a cage to protect major organs such as the heart and lungs.
- Consists of the ribs (true ribs 1-7, false ribs 8-12, and floating ribs 11-12), the sternum, and the thoracic vertebrae.
The Vertebral Column
- Composed of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.
- Has normal curves.
- Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx).
Bones of the Upper Limb
- Arm (humerus): The main bone in the upper arm.
- Forearm (radius and ulna): Bones that allow the forearm to rotate.
- Wrist (carpals): Small bones in the wrist.
- Palm (metacarpals): Bones in the palm of the hand.
- Fingers (phalanges): Bones of the fingers.
Bones of the Lower Limb
- Thigh (femur): The main bone in the thigh.
- Leg (tibia and fibula): Bones that form the lower leg.
- Ankle (tarsals): Small bones of the ankle.
- Foot (metatarsals): Bones in the sole of the foot.
- Toes (phalanges): Bones of the toes.
- Pelvic Girdle: Includes the hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) along with the sacrum and coccyx.
Joint Movements
- Joints allow movement between bones. Common movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation.
Types of Synovial Joints
- Freely movable joints include: ball-and-socket (e.g., hip and shoulder), hinge (e.g., elbow, knee), pivot (e.g., proximal & distal radio-ulnar), gliding (e.g., sternoclavicular, between carpals or tarsals), saddle (e.g., wrist), condyloid (e.g., wrist, metacarpophalangeal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint).
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of the skeletal system, including the differences between the axial and appendicular skeletons. It also details various types of bones and specific examples found in the human body. Test your knowledge of human anatomy with this informative quiz!
