Human Anatomy Quiz: Bone Structure

Osteocytes are bone-resorbing cells that play a crucial role in the maintenance of bone tissue.
The term 'cancellous' refers to the spongy structure of certain bones, facilitating lightweight support.
The atlas is the first cervical vertebra, crucial for supporting the skull and enabling head movement.
The periosteum is the outer layer that covers bones, providing a site for attachment of muscles and ligaments.
The ilium is the largest part of the coxal bone, forming the uppermost section of the pelvis.
Yellow marrow is found in bones and is primarily responsible for fat storage.
Compact bone is dense and solid, providing strength and support to the skeletal structure.
The knee joint is classified as a hinge joint, allowing movement primarily in one plane.
Abduction is the movement of limbs away from the body’s midline.
Irregular bones, like the vertebrae, have complex shapes that support various functions.
Cruciate ligaments form an X inside the knee, providing stability during movement.

Flexion decreases the angle between two body parts, such as bending the elbow or knee.
Short bones predominantly consist of spongy bone, aiding in shock absorption and flexibility.
Sutures are immovable joints found between flat bones, such as in the skull.
The sacrum forms the base of the spine and consists of five fused vertebrae.
The epiphysis refers to the ends of long bones and is involved in joint formation.
Menisci are cartilaginous structures that cushion the knee, absorbing shock and stabilizing the joint.
The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone, mainly composed of compact bone.
Synovial joints offer the greatest range of motion in the body.

Muscle fibers have synapses where impulses from motor neurons initiate contraction.
Calcium ions are key to triggering muscle contractions.
Contractility is the ability of muscle fibers to contract or shorten in response to stimulation.
Tendons serve as connectors between muscle and bone, facilitating movement.
The biceps act as the prime mover during elbow flexion.
Quadriceps are responsible for extending the knee joint, playing an essential role in locomotion.
The principal function of skeletal muscles is to enable movement.
Contraction of abdominal muscles increases pressure within the abdomen, aiding in functions like breathing.
Hiatus refers to an opening in a muscle, allowing for the passage of nerves or vessels.
The epimysium is the protective covering surrounding skeletal muscles.
Cardiac muscle appears striated at the cellular level, indicating its organized structure.

Smooth muscle is involuntary and lines the walls of various organs, regulating internal processes.
Actin constitutes the thin filament essential for muscle contraction.
The inguinal canal is a common site for sports hernias due to its structural weaknesses.
The gluteus medius lies between the gluteus maximus and minimus, contributing to hip movement.
Antagonist muscles oppose or reverse movements executed by prime movers.
The origin of a muscle is the point of attachment to an immovable bone.
Muscle atrophy occurs with disuse, leading to a decrease in mass and strength.
The diaphragm contracts downwards during inhalation, increasing thoracic cavity volume.

Bipolar neurons have two poles, facilitating signal transmission in sensory pathways.
The axon is the part of a neuron responsible for transmitting information to other nerve cells.
Homeostasis is a critical regulatory function of the nervous system, maintaining balance within the body.
Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) grouped together are referred to as tracts.
Neurons constitute the functional unit of the nervous system, responsible for processing and transmitting signals.
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses during stress.
The somatic branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) senses external environmental changes.
Ganglia refer to groups of neuron cell bodies located in the PNS.
Effectors are muscles or glands that respond to sensory stimuli, enabling action.
Afferent signals convey information towards the CNS from various body parts.

Sensory impulses are crucial for the CNS, providing information from the external and internal environments.
Light is the primary type of stimulus received by the eye, initiating visual perception.
Motor responses are signals traveling from the CNS to peripheral nerves, facilitating action.
The brain is the major component of the CNS, controlling bodily functions and processing information.
Neuroglia serve as support cells for neurons, ensuring proper functioning of the nervous system.
The autonomic branch of the PNS manages involuntary functions, including heart rate and digestion.
White matter in the nervous system consists of long, myelinated axons, enhancing signal conduction speed.
Myelin sheaths significantly increase the speed of nerve conduction by insulating axons.
Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers, allowing bidirectional communication.
There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves that facilitate various functions between the brain and body regions.

The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions like thought and action.
The brain acts as the central processing unit (CPU), coordinating all physiological processes.
The thalamus serves as the major relay station for ascending impulses, directing sensory information to appropriate areas.
The cerebral cortex comprises gray matter, involved in complex functions like perception and decision-making.
Meninges consist of three protective layers surrounding the brain, with the dura mater as the outermost layer.
The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information, including hearing.