The Role of Social Science in Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What was the title of the report written by Rudolf Virchow in 1847?

The Social Roots of Illness
The Epidemic of Hunger
Typhus in Upper Silesia (correct)
The Politics of Medicine

According to Rudolf Virchow, what is the relationship between medicine and politics?

Medicine is a social science, and politics nothing but medicine at a larger scale (correct)
Medicine and politics are separate entities
Medicine is a subset of politics
Politics is a subset of medicine

What is the main reason why health is shaped by big social processes, according to the lecture?

Because any good practice of medicine needs to be aware of social processes (correct)
Because social processes determine health outcomes
Because big social processes affect health behaviors
Because health is a social construct

What did Cornwall's study in East London in the 1980s reveal about the meanings of health and illness?

That the meanings of health and illness vary between patients and doctors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'meaning' refer to in the context of health and illness?

The social and cultural connotations attached to health and illness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did Virchow's study of the typhus outbreak in Upper Silesia reveal about the disease?

That typhus is caused by crowding and hunger (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument made by Dr. Andy Guise in the lecture?

That medicine is a social science, and social science is important for medicine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of recognizing medicine as a social science?

That good practice of medicine needs to be aware of social factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why health-seeking behavior may be delayed?

Denial of illness (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand how people perceive health and healthcare?

Because people's perceptions influence their health-seeking behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the ethnographic study of the asylum?

It doesn't assume psychiatry would cure patients (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'questioning the taken for granted'?

To critically evaluate seemingly 'obvious' practices (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the harmful effects of large psychiatric hospitals?

Institutionalization of patients (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why might medical students in 100 years be shocked by our current standard medical practices?

Because they will be critical of the taken for granted in healthcare (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of denying or delaying health-seeking behavior?

Worsening of health conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason why health is shaped by big social processes?

Because social processes influence health-seeking behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why medicine is considered a social science?

Because health is shaped by big social processes that impact medical practice. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why medicine is a social science?

Because health is solely determined by biological factors. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an implication of adopting a social science perspective in medicine?

Developing effective ways of providing medical care. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the bio-psycho-social perspective on health?

Health is a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how social factors can influence health, according to the bio-psycho-social perspective?

Cycle lanes are built, leading to people exercising more and reducing the risk of heart disease. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the role of social factors in health, according to the clarifications?

Social factors have a complex and provisional influence on health. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of understanding the role of social factors in health?

Our scientific knowledge of social factors is ever-improving and always provisional. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of the complex causality of health?

Health outcomes are influenced by complex and provisional social factors. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a reason why medicine needs to consider social factors?

Because health services operate independently of social factors. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of neglecting social factors in medicine?

Inequities in health outcomes may persist or worsen. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of causality in health science?

It is often multi-layered, long-running, and complex (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are the processes of causality in health science often contested?

Because they support differing ideologies and perspectives on how society operates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of Emile Durkheim's studies on labour, law, education, and religion?

Understanding the rise of suicide rates in industrialized countries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the sense of connection to society, which is a key factor in shaping suicide rates?

Social integration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between industrialization and urbanization in Durkheim's work?

Both processes occur simultaneously and shape suicide rates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Emile Durkheim's book 'Suicide'?

Studying suicide as a social fact shaped by social integration and regulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'revolutions' mentioned in the content?

They highlight the importance of understanding social change in health science (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of considering medicine as a social science?

It recognizes the significance of social factors in shaping health outcomes (B) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Medicine is a social science because health is shaped by big social processes, and a good practice of medicine needs to be aware of this.
Health is shaped by social factors and processes, and understanding these social factors is essential for effective medical practice.
Rudolf Virchow, the founder of modern pathology, believed that "medicine is a social science, and politics nothing but medicine at a larger scale."

Patients and the Meanings of Illness

Patients can attach multiple meanings to health and illness, and these meanings can be different from those of doctors.
In the 1980s, illness in East London was seen as a moral discredit, leading to denial or delayed health-seeking behavior.
Certain practices, like smoking, can have particular meanings of relaxation and a break within hard lives.

Providers and their Approaches to Care

A study of an asylum psychiatric hospital showed that the hospital was not the best or only way of treating patients, and it didn't assume that psychiatry would cure patients.
The study questioned the "taken for granted" and apparently natural processes of care, and looked at them critically.
The harms of the asylum included institutionalization among patients, leading to a loss of social identity.

Health is shaped by big social processes, and a good practice of medicine needs to be aware of this.
Health and use of health services are shaped by how people behave and think, which is also shaped by big social processes.
How health services operate are shaped by how health care professionals and policy makers understandings, which is also shaped by their social setting.

Health is biological, psychological, and social.
Bio-psychological factors can affect health, and social factors can shape behavior and exposure to disease-causing agents.
Cycle lanes, for example, can encourage people to cycle more, reducing the risk of heart disease.

Complex Causality of Health

Causality is often multi-layered, long-running, and with complex feedback loops.
Understanding the role of social factors in health is about complexity, and of increased risk and probability.

Contested Causality of Health

The processes of causality can be contested due to uncertainty and differing ideologies and perspectives on how society operates.

Social science has a long history, with key figures like Comte, Durkheim, Weber, De Tocqueville, Marx, and Engels.
Emile Durkheim studied the impact of industrialization and urbanization on society, including the rise of suicide rates.

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