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Questions and Answers
What is a strong correlation observed between by social scientists?
What is the primary concern of the upper middle class regarding their teeth?
What is a characteristic of the lower middle class?
What is associated with aging?
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What is the effect of gender on health dependent on?
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What is a characteristic of the lower class?
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What is a characteristic of the upper lower class?
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What do women generally have a greater number of?
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What is medical sociology primarily concerned with?
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What is a major risk factor for infection in agricultural societies?
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What led to a decline in zoonotic diseases in agricultural societies?
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What are major public health problems in modern industrial societies?
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What led to a rise in dental caries in the pre-agricultural society?
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What is the socio-environmental approach primarily concerned with?
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What is a major hazard to health in hunter-gatherer societies?
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What led to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of dental caries in the early industrial phase?
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What are the five broad factors that can be targeted to improve population health according to the socio-environmental approach?
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What is a result of the introduction of laws governing health and safety at work in modern industrial societies?
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What characteristic distinguishes the upper middle class regarding their teeth?
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What is a characteristic of the lower class regarding their teeth?
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What is associated with aging?
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What is a characteristic of the upper lower class?
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What is a characteristic of the lower middle class regarding their teeth?
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What is associated with women's health?
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What is the effect of gender on health?
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What is characteristic of the lower middle class regarding dental health?
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What was the primary difference in disease patterns between pre-agricultural and agricultural societies?
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What is a major risk factor for infection in agricultural societies?
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What is a result of the introduction of laws governing health and safety at work in modern industrial societies?
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What is a characteristic of disease patterns in modern industrial societies?
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What is the impact of urbanization on disease patterns?
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What is the effect of sanitation on public health?
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What is a characteristic of disease patterns in early industrial societies?
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What is the impact of the development of agriculture on disease patterns?
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What is a characteristic of occupational health hazards in early industrial societies?
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What is the impact of improved socio-economic conditions on public health in modern industrial societies?
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Study Notes
Definition of Medical Sociology
- Medical sociology is concerned with the relationship between social factors and health
- It evaluates the macro components of society that affect public health at the population level
- It understands health inequality and reveals the mechanisms for long-term changes that may lead to a reduction in health inequalities
Variation in Disease Patterns with Changing Society
- In pre-agricultural society, diseases were prevalent due to lack of personal hygiene, excessive exposure to soil and dirt, and zoonotic diseases
- In agricultural society, the use of fire for cooking led to a decline in zoonotic diseases, but contamination of water from human waste increased the risk of infection
- In early industrial society, the rapid rise in population densities led to the spread of diseases like TB and occupational hazards
- In modern industrial society, technological advancements led to control of infectious diseases, and major public health problems shifted to obesity, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases due to improved socio-economic conditions
Changing Society and Dental Diseases
- In pre-agricultural society, diet was non-refined, and attrition of teeth was severe
- In early industrial phase, the introduction of refined sugar led to a rise in dental caries in the rich and aristocratic families
- In modern industrial phase, the introduction of fluoridated toothpaste led to a decline in the incidence of dental caries
The Socio-Environmental Approach (Social Model)
- Concerned with socio-environmental factors improving population health rather than factors causing disease in individuals
- Forms the basis of health promotion strategies
- Five broad factors can be targeted to improve population health: social and economic environment, physical environment, personal health practices, and access to health services
Health and Social Factors
- A strong correlation exists between health and social characteristics, including social class, age, gender, and ethnicity
- Social classes and their reactions to dental care vary:
- Upper middle class: value their teeth, interested in preventive dentistry, and actively pursue various types of dental care
- Lower middle class: inclined to imitate the upper middle class, but their behavior is not necessarily motivated by the same consideration
- Upper lower class: receive professional dental care, but acquire artificial dentures at a relatively early age
- Lower class: reveal the most consistent neglect of teeth
- Age inequalities in health: aging is associated with limited financial resources, post-retirement, and social isolation, leading to limitations in accessibility to health services
- Gender inequalities in health: women generally have a greater number of consultations and admissions at hospitals, and the effect of gender on health depends on cultural and social norms of the society
Definition of Medical Sociology
- Medical sociology is concerned with the relationship between social factors and health
- It evaluates the macro components of society that affect public health at the population level
- It understands health inequality and reveals the mechanisms for long-term changes that may lead to a reduction in health inequalities
Variation in Disease Patterns with Changing Society
- In pre-agricultural society, diseases were prevalent due to lack of personal hygiene, excessive exposure to soil and dirt, and zoonotic diseases
- In agricultural society, the use of fire for cooking led to a decline in zoonotic diseases, but contamination of water from human waste increased the risk of infection
- In early industrial society, the rapid rise in population densities led to the spread of diseases like TB and occupational hazards
- In modern industrial society, technological advancements led to control of infectious diseases, and major public health problems shifted to obesity, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases due to improved socio-economic conditions
Changing Society and Dental Diseases
- In pre-agricultural society, diet was non-refined, and attrition of teeth was severe
- In early industrial phase, the introduction of refined sugar led to a rise in dental caries in the rich and aristocratic families
- In modern industrial phase, the introduction of fluoridated toothpaste led to a decline in the incidence of dental caries
The Socio-Environmental Approach (Social Model)
- Concerned with socio-environmental factors improving population health rather than factors causing disease in individuals
- Forms the basis of health promotion strategies
- Five broad factors can be targeted to improve population health: social and economic environment, physical environment, personal health practices, and access to health services
Health and Social Factors
- A strong correlation exists between health and social characteristics, including social class, age, gender, and ethnicity
- Social classes and their reactions to dental care vary:
- Upper middle class: value their teeth, interested in preventive dentistry, and actively pursue various types of dental care
- Lower middle class: inclined to imitate the upper middle class, but their behavior is not necessarily motivated by the same consideration
- Upper lower class: receive professional dental care, but acquire artificial dentures at a relatively early age
- Lower class: reveal the most consistent neglect of teeth
- Age inequalities in health: aging is associated with limited financial resources, post-retirement, and social isolation, leading to limitations in accessibility to health services
- Gender inequalities in health: women generally have a greater number of consultations and admissions at hospitals, and the effect of gender on health depends on cultural and social norms of the society
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Description
Test your knowledge of medical sociology, including the relationship between social factors and health, and the role of sociology in public health. Explore how sociology helps evaluate macro components affecting public health and understand health inequality.
