Medical Sociology Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is a strong correlation observed between by social scientists?

  • Age and occupation
  • Health and social characteristics (correct)
  • Ethnicity and gender
  • Education and income

    • What is the primary concern of the upper middle class regarding their teeth?

  • To instruct their children how to care for their teeth
  • To seek out expert advice and value their teeth (correct)
  • To receive professional dental care to maintain their own teeth
  • To have artificial dentures at a relatively early age

    • What is a characteristic of the lower middle class?

  • They are unskilled laborers
  • They live in slum areas
  • They are inclined to imitate the upper middle class (correct)
  • They have limited education

    • What is associated with aging?

    <p>Change in social characteristics and limited financial resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gender on health dependent on?

    <p>The cultural and social norms of the society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the lower class?

    <p>They reveal the most consistent neglect of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the upper lower class?

    <p>They acquire artificial dentures at a relatively early age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do women generally have a greater number of?

    <p>Consultations and admission at hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is medical sociology primarily concerned with?

    <p>The relationship between social factors and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for infection in agricultural societies?

    <p>Contamination of water from human waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to a decline in zoonotic diseases in agricultural societies?

    <p>Use of fire to cook food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are major public health problems in modern industrial societies?

    <p>Obesity, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to a rise in dental caries in the pre-agricultural society?

    <p>Introduction of refined sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the socio-environmental approach primarily concerned with?

    <p>Socio-environmental factors improving population health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major hazard to health in hunter-gatherer societies?

    <p>Starvation and death from physical injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of dental caries in the early industrial phase?

    <p>Increase in the incidence and prevalence of dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five broad factors that can be targeted to improve population health according to the socio-environmental approach?

    <p>Social, environmental, economic, cultural, and political factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of the introduction of laws governing health and safety at work in modern industrial societies?

    <p>A safer society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes the upper middle class regarding their teeth?

    <p>They value their teeth and seek expert advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the lower class regarding their teeth?

    <p>They reveal consistent neglect of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with aging?

    <p>Limited mobility and accessibility to health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the upper lower class?

    <p>They have limited education and live in modest neighborhoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the lower middle class regarding their teeth?

    <p>They imitate the upper middle class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with women's health?

    <p>Greater number of hospital consultations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gender on health?

    <p>It depends on cultural and social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the lower middle class regarding dental health?

    <p>They train their children in dental health habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary difference in disease patterns between pre-agricultural and agricultural societies?

    <p>Exposure to soil and dirt decreased in agricultural societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for infection in agricultural societies?

    <p>Contamination of water from human waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of the introduction of laws governing health and safety at work in modern industrial societies?

    <p>Reduced risk of occupational hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of disease patterns in modern industrial societies?

    <p>High incidence of chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of urbanization on disease patterns?

    <p>Increased incidence of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sanitation on public health?

    <p>Decreased incidence of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of disease patterns in early industrial societies?

    <p>High incidence of occupational hazards and infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the development of agriculture on disease patterns?

    <p>Decreased incidence of zoonotic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of occupational health hazards in early industrial societies?

    <p>High risk of occupational hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of improved socio-economic conditions on public health in modern industrial societies?

    <p>Increased incidence of chronic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition of Medical Sociology

    • Medical sociology is concerned with the relationship between social factors and health
    • It evaluates the macro components of society that affect public health at the population level
    • It understands health inequality and reveals the mechanisms for long-term changes that may lead to a reduction in health inequalities

    Variation in Disease Patterns with Changing Society

    • In pre-agricultural society, diseases were prevalent due to lack of personal hygiene, excessive exposure to soil and dirt, and zoonotic diseases
    • In agricultural society, the use of fire for cooking led to a decline in zoonotic diseases, but contamination of water from human waste increased the risk of infection
    • In early industrial society, the rapid rise in population densities led to the spread of diseases like TB and occupational hazards
    • In modern industrial society, technological advancements led to control of infectious diseases, and major public health problems shifted to obesity, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases due to improved socio-economic conditions

    Changing Society and Dental Diseases

    • In pre-agricultural society, diet was non-refined, and attrition of teeth was severe
    • In early industrial phase, the introduction of refined sugar led to a rise in dental caries in the rich and aristocratic families
    • In modern industrial phase, the introduction of fluoridated toothpaste led to a decline in the incidence of dental caries

    The Socio-Environmental Approach (Social Model)

    • Concerned with socio-environmental factors improving population health rather than factors causing disease in individuals
    • Forms the basis of health promotion strategies
    • Five broad factors can be targeted to improve population health: social and economic environment, physical environment, personal health practices, and access to health services

    Health and Social Factors

    • A strong correlation exists between health and social characteristics, including social class, age, gender, and ethnicity
    • Social classes and their reactions to dental care vary:
      • Upper middle class: value their teeth, interested in preventive dentistry, and actively pursue various types of dental care
      • Lower middle class: inclined to imitate the upper middle class, but their behavior is not necessarily motivated by the same consideration
      • Upper lower class: receive professional dental care, but acquire artificial dentures at a relatively early age
      • Lower class: reveal the most consistent neglect of teeth
    • Age inequalities in health: aging is associated with limited financial resources, post-retirement, and social isolation, leading to limitations in accessibility to health services
    • Gender inequalities in health: women generally have a greater number of consultations and admissions at hospitals, and the effect of gender on health depends on cultural and social norms of the society

    Definition of Medical Sociology

    • Medical sociology is concerned with the relationship between social factors and health
    • It evaluates the macro components of society that affect public health at the population level
    • It understands health inequality and reveals the mechanisms for long-term changes that may lead to a reduction in health inequalities

    Variation in Disease Patterns with Changing Society

    • In pre-agricultural society, diseases were prevalent due to lack of personal hygiene, excessive exposure to soil and dirt, and zoonotic diseases
    • In agricultural society, the use of fire for cooking led to a decline in zoonotic diseases, but contamination of water from human waste increased the risk of infection
    • In early industrial society, the rapid rise in population densities led to the spread of diseases like TB and occupational hazards
    • In modern industrial society, technological advancements led to control of infectious diseases, and major public health problems shifted to obesity, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases due to improved socio-economic conditions

    Changing Society and Dental Diseases

    • In pre-agricultural society, diet was non-refined, and attrition of teeth was severe
    • In early industrial phase, the introduction of refined sugar led to a rise in dental caries in the rich and aristocratic families
    • In modern industrial phase, the introduction of fluoridated toothpaste led to a decline in the incidence of dental caries

    The Socio-Environmental Approach (Social Model)

    • Concerned with socio-environmental factors improving population health rather than factors causing disease in individuals
    • Forms the basis of health promotion strategies
    • Five broad factors can be targeted to improve population health: social and economic environment, physical environment, personal health practices, and access to health services

    Health and Social Factors

    • A strong correlation exists between health and social characteristics, including social class, age, gender, and ethnicity
    • Social classes and their reactions to dental care vary:
      • Upper middle class: value their teeth, interested in preventive dentistry, and actively pursue various types of dental care
      • Lower middle class: inclined to imitate the upper middle class, but their behavior is not necessarily motivated by the same consideration
      • Upper lower class: receive professional dental care, but acquire artificial dentures at a relatively early age
      • Lower class: reveal the most consistent neglect of teeth
    • Age inequalities in health: aging is associated with limited financial resources, post-retirement, and social isolation, leading to limitations in accessibility to health services
    • Gender inequalities in health: women generally have a greater number of consultations and admissions at hospitals, and the effect of gender on health depends on cultural and social norms of the society

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    Test your knowledge of medical sociology, including the relationship between social factors and health, and the role of sociology in public health. Explore how sociology helps evaluate macro components affecting public health and understand health inequality.

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