The Psychology of Relationships and Well-being

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

• Psychological distress, amotivation, and disengagement arise from thwarted needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
• The basic needs outlined by SDT include autonomy, competence, and relatedness; any need not mentioned is not considered basic.

Motivation Definitions

• Intrinsic motivation: Engaging in activities for the inherent satisfaction and enjoyment derived from the activity itself.
• Extrinsic motivation: Performing an action to achieve a separable outcome, such as rewards or avoiding negative consequences.

Motivation and Need Satisfaction

• Autonomous motivation is positively correlated with need satisfaction; fulfilling basic needs enhances intrinsic motivation and leads to better psychological outcomes.

Consequences of Sedentary Behavior

• Potential consequences include increased risk of chronic diseases, mental health issues, and reduced physical fitness in adults.

Behavioral Determination Factors

• Major factors include individual characteristics, environmental influences, and social norms that shape behaviors.

Self-Regulation

• Self-regulation involves managing one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts to achieve long-term goals.

Self-Efficacy

• Defined as the belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific tasks or situations, impacting motivation and behavior.

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

• TPB outlines intentions as shaped by attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influencing behavioral decisions.

Nudging in Public Health

• Proponents argue that nudging can effectively modify behavior by altering the context in which choices are made without restricting options.
• Critics point to ethical concerns regarding autonomy and the potential for manipulation.

MINDSPACE Mnemonic

• MINDSPACE stands for Messenger, Incentives, Norms, Defaults, Salience, Priming, Affect, Commitments, and Ego.
• Messenger refers to the influence of the source on decision-making.
• Incentives involve the presence of rewards or punishments that can motivate behavior.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

• The TTM describes stages of change in behavior modification: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.
• Pre-contemplation stage is characterized by lack of awareness or consideration of change.
• Limitations of TTM include its oversimplification of the change process and variable applicability across different behaviors.

Core Components of TPB

• Three core components shaping behavioral intentions are attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Processes of Change

• Processes of Change are strategies used to facilitate movement through the stages of change in TTM.

Attitudes in TPB

• Attitudes refer to evaluations of the behavior, affecting the likelihood of engagement in the behavior.

Nudge Theory

• Nudge theory suggests subtle interventions can influence people's choices and behavior without restricting options.

Subjective Norms in TPB

• Subjective norms represent perceived social pressures to engage or not engage in a behavior.

Perceived Behavioral Control in TPB

• Perceived behavioral control reflects the perceived ease or difficulty of performing a behavior, influencing intentions and actions.

Basic Needs in SDT

• Humans have three basic needs according to SDT: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

WHO Health Definition

• Health is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Physical Fitness

• Bodily movement associated with physical fitness typically includes aerobic activities, strength training, and flexibility exercises.

Objective of Exercise

• The objective of exercise is to improve overall health, enhance physical fitness, and promote well-being.

Outcomes of Sedentary Behavior

• Outcomes include physical decline, increased mental health issues, and decreased quality of life.

Definition of Sport

• Sport, according to Rejeski and Brawley, is defined as a structured and competitive physical activity that involves skill and is governed by formal rules.

Test your knowledge on the importance of close relationships, psychological need satisfaction, and well-being. Explore how thwarting needs can lead to distress and disengagement, while satisfying needs can enhance intrinsic motivation. Discover the factors that influence individual differences in need satisfaction.