The Psychology of Relationships and Well-being

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Questions and Answers

According to Self-Determination Theory, what leads to psychological distress, amotivation, and disengagement?

Lack of autonomy

Satisfaction of basic needs

Thwarting of basic needs (correct)

Lack of competence

Which of the following is NOT a basic need according to Self-Determination Theory?

Autonomy

Intrinsic motivation (correct)

Competence

Relatedness

What is the definition of intrinsic motivation?

Doing an activity for its own sake (correct)

Doing an activity to receive rewards

Doing an activity to gain approval from others

Doing an activity to avoid punishment

What is the definition of extrinsic motivation?

Doing an activity to receive rewards Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between autonomous motivation and need satisfaction?

Autonomous motivation is strongly associated with need satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of sedentary behavior in adults?

Higher risk of T2DM Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the major factors in behavioral determination?

Environmental, personal, and behavioral characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of self-regulation?

Ability to regulate our behavior based on our goals, behaviors, and feelings Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of self-efficacy according to the text?

People's judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

The theory that focuses on the interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental influences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an argument in support of using nudging in public health?

It encourages healthier choices without limiting freedom. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an argument against the use of nudging strategies?

It raises ethical concerns about manipulation and autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the MINDSPACE mnemonic stand for?

Messenger, Incentives, Norms, Defaults, Salience, Priming, Affect, Commitments, Ego Signup and view all the answers

Which factor in the MINDSPACE mnemonic refers to the influence of the source on decision-making?

Messenger Signup and view all the answers

Which factor in the MINDSPACE mnemonic refers to the presence of rewards or punishments that can drive behavior?

Incentives Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?

A model suggesting that health behavior change involves progressing through six stages of behavior change Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Pre-contemplation stage in the TTM?

Currently inactive, no intention to be active Signup and view all the answers

What are the two limitations of the TTM mentioned in the text?

<ol> <li>The transtheoretical model ignores the social context in which change occurs</li> <li>Lines between stages can be arbitrary, no set criteria to determine a person's stage of change</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what are the three core components that shape an individual's behavioral intentions?

Attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control Signup and view all the answers

What are the Processes of Change mentioned in the text?

Cognitive (Thinking) and Behavioral (Doing) Signup and view all the answers

What are attitudes in the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

An individual's beliefs about the attributes and outcomes of doing a behavior, weighted by their evaluations of these attributes or outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the nudge theory mentioned in the text?

Based upon the idea that shaping the environment can influence the likelihood of choosing one option over another Signup and view all the answers

What are subjective norms in the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

An individual's beliefs regarding important others' approval or disapproval of a behavior, weighted by their motivation to comply with these important others' wishes Signup and view all the answers

What is perceived behavioral control in the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

An individual's perceived control over the behavior in the presence or absence of facilitators and barriers to change Signup and view all the answers

According to Self-Determination Theory, what are humans' three basic needs?

Competence, autonomy, and relatedness Signup and view all the answers

According to the WHO definition, health is characterized by a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Health is determined by physical, mental, and social well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bodily movement is typically associated with physical fitness?

Moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of exercise?

To maintain or improve physical fitness Signup and view all the answers

What are the outcomes and impact of sedentary behavior?

Negative impact on physical and mental health Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of sport according to Rejeski and Brawley?

Bodily movement involving physical prowess, strategy, and chance Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

Psychological distress, amotivation, and disengagement arise from thwarted needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
The basic needs outlined by SDT include autonomy, competence, and relatedness; any need not mentioned is not considered basic.

Motivation Definitions

Intrinsic motivation: Engaging in activities for the inherent satisfaction and enjoyment derived from the activity itself.
Extrinsic motivation: Performing an action to achieve a separable outcome, such as rewards or avoiding negative consequences.

Motivation and Need Satisfaction

Autonomous motivation is positively correlated with need satisfaction; fulfilling basic needs enhances intrinsic motivation and leads to better psychological outcomes.

Consequences of Sedentary Behavior

Potential consequences include increased risk of chronic diseases, mental health issues, and reduced physical fitness in adults.

Behavioral Determination Factors

Major factors include individual characteristics, environmental influences, and social norms that shape behaviors.

Self-Regulation

Self-regulation involves managing one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts to achieve long-term goals.

Self-Efficacy

Defined as the belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific tasks or situations, impacting motivation and behavior.

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

TPB outlines intentions as shaped by attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influencing behavioral decisions.

Nudging in Public Health

Proponents argue that nudging can effectively modify behavior by altering the context in which choices are made without restricting options.
Critics point to ethical concerns regarding autonomy and the potential for manipulation.

MINDSPACE Mnemonic

MINDSPACE stands for Messenger, Incentives, Norms, Defaults, Salience, Priming, Affect, Commitments, and Ego.
Messenger refers to the influence of the source on decision-making.
Incentives involve the presence of rewards or punishments that can motivate behavior.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

The TTM describes stages of change in behavior modification: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.
Pre-contemplation stage is characterized by lack of awareness or consideration of change.
Limitations of TTM include its oversimplification of the change process and variable applicability across different behaviors.

Core Components of TPB

Three core components shaping behavioral intentions are attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Processes of Change

Processes of Change are strategies used to facilitate movement through the stages of change in TTM.

Attitudes in TPB

Attitudes refer to evaluations of the behavior, affecting the likelihood of engagement in the behavior.

Nudge Theory

Nudge theory suggests subtle interventions can influence people's choices and behavior without restricting options.

Subjective Norms in TPB

Subjective norms represent perceived social pressures to engage or not engage in a behavior.

Perceived Behavioral Control in TPB

Perceived behavioral control reflects the perceived ease or difficulty of performing a behavior, influencing intentions and actions.

Basic Needs in SDT

Humans have three basic needs according to SDT: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

WHO Health Definition

Health is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Physical Fitness

Bodily movement associated with physical fitness typically includes aerobic activities, strength training, and flexibility exercises.

Objective of Exercise

The objective of exercise is to improve overall health, enhance physical fitness, and promote well-being.

Outcomes of Sedentary Behavior

Outcomes include physical decline, increased mental health issues, and decreased quality of life.

Definition of Sport

Sport, according to Rejeski and Brawley, is defined as a structured and competitive physical activity that involves skill and is governed by formal rules.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the importance of close relationships, psychological need satisfaction, and well-being. Explore how thwarting needs can lead to distress and disengagement, while satisfying needs can enhance intrinsic motivation. Discover the factors that influence individual differences in need satisfaction.