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Questions and Answers
Henry II implemented scutage to achieve which of the following?
Henry II implemented scutage to achieve which of the following?
- Increase the power of the barons by providing them with financial incentives.
- Fund religious pilgrimages and construction of new cathedrals.
- Establish a naval fleet to protect England's coastal borders from Viking invasions.
- Reduce reliance on baronial military service by funding a mercenary army. (correct)
What was the main goal of Henry II when establishing traveling judges and a jury system?
What was the main goal of Henry II when establishing traveling judges and a jury system?
- Diminish the influence of the monarchy in legal affairs.
- Grant more power to the Church to oversee legal judgments.
- Create a universal legal framework applicable across England. (correct)
- Establish a system to resolve land disputes among the barons only.
What was the primary cause of the conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket?
What was the primary cause of the conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket?
- Becket's refusal to fund the construction of new cathedrals.
- Disagreement over the financial support for the Crusades.
- Becket's opposition to the king's attempts to exert authority over the Church. (correct)
- Dispute over land ownership between the Church and the Crown.
What action did Henry II undertake to atone for Thomas Becket's murder?
What action did Henry II undertake to atone for Thomas Becket's murder?
Richard I's absence from England primarily resulted in what?
Richard I's absence from England primarily resulted in what?
Flashcards
Scutage
Scutage
Payment made to the king, allowing knights to avoid military service.
Common Law
Common Law
A unified body of law developed in England based on court decisions and local customs.
Jury System
Jury System
System established to resolve land disputes using 12 free men.
Henry II vs. Thomas Becket
Henry II vs. Thomas Becket
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Richard the Lionheart
Richard the Lionheart
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Study Notes
- The Plantagenets reigned from 1154-1307
Henry II
- Succeeded the last Norman King Stephen and ruled until 1189
Military
- Henry II wanted to reduce the power of the barons
- Professional soldiers allowed knights to pay a scutage instead of giving service
- The King used this money to hire mercenaries
Justice
- Henry II wanted to establish a legal system in England
- He sent travelling judges to hold courts in little towns
- Common Law developed
- A system was established to resolve land disputes using a jury of 12 free men to arbitrate
Church
- Henry II wanted to reduce the power of the church
- Thomas Becket was made Archbishop of Canterbury, but he became an opponent
- The conflict lasted until Becket's murder after his escape to France in the Canterbury Cathedral
- Thomas Becket became the first martyr and Saint of England
- Henry II apologized to God and the Archbishops and he flogged himself
Richard I (1189-1199)
- Richard I succeeded his father and became known as "Richard the Lionheart" for his courage
- During Richard I's absence to participate in the 3rd Crusade, his brother tried to usurp the throne
- Richard I died childless in 1199
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Description
Summary of King Henry II's rule. Includes Military and Justice reforms and the conflict with the church and Thomas Becket. Also mentions Richard I.
