T2 L8: Physiology of Pain 1 (AD)
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Questions and Answers

Which type of fibers are responsible for sharp pricking pain?

  • B fibers
  • D fibers
  • C fibers
  • Aδ fibers (correct)

    • Which type of fibers are responsible for slow dull ache?

  • C fibers (correct)
  • B fibers
  • D fibers
  • Aδ fibers

    • Which type of fibers are most likely to respond to pressure, temperature, and chemical stimuli?

  • B fibers
  • Aδ fibers
  • C fibers (correct)
  • D fibers

    • Which ion channels are believed to transduce different temperatures?

    <p>Transient receptor potential channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemicals released during inflammation can activate nociceptors?

    <p>ATP, protons, and serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an exaggerated pain response to noxious stimuli?

    <p>Hyperalgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a painful response to non-noxious stimuli?

    <p>Allodynia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is a major contributor to neuropathic pain?

    <p>Central sensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tract through which pain information ascends in the spinal cord?

    <p>Spinothalamic tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is involved in exciting second-order neurons in the dorsal horn?

    <p>Substance P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes pain?

    <p>An unpleasant sensory experience associated with tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sensations of pain?

    <p>Negative effect, fear, anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nociceptors?

    <p>Primary sensory neurons that detect pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can sensory nerve fibers be classified?

    <p>By diameter and myelin content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory nerve fibers are responsible for light touch and proprioception?

    <p>Myelinated fibers with large diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nociceptors located?

    <p>In the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory nerve endings do nociceptors have in glabrous skin?

    <p>Free nerve endings (Aδ/C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory nerve endings do nociceptors have in hairy skin?

    <p>Pacinian corpuscles (Aβ) vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory nerve endings do nociceptors have in muscles?

    <p>Free nerve endings (Aδ/C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it feel like when nociceptors are activated?

    <p>Burning and sharp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for encoding the emotional components of pain?

    <p>Cingulate cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain is activated in the pain network and is involved in the pain experience?

    <p>Insula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending modulatory pathway is responsible for inhibiting pain?

    <p>Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by interneurons in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) to inhibit pain?

    <p>Endorphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is responsible for peripheral sensitization and the development of hyperalgesia?

    <p>Role of tissue injury and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain is responsible for transducing painful stimuli?

    <p>Nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of pain perception is determined by memories, expectations, emotions, and stress-induced analgesia?

    <p>Emotional component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for encoding the sensory components of pain?

    <p>Primary somatosensory cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain is activated in the pain network and plays a role in the pain experience?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descending modulatory pathway can be inhibitory or excitatory and modulates the activity of the spinothalamic tract?

    <p>Periaqueductal gray matter (PAG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can activate motion sensors?

    <p>Chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of stimuli can activate poly modal CE fiber node receptors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion channels are believed to respond to acids and mechanical stimulation?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which channel responds to very hot temperatures and chemicals like capsaicin?

    <p>Trip h channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes pain?

    <p>Pain is a complex experience accompanied by an emotional response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we feel pain?

    <p>To warn us of potential harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pain?

    <p>To help us avoid harmful situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when someone cannot feel pain?

    <p>They have a mutation of a sodium channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is mostly associated with peripheral sensitisation?

    <p>Neuropathic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity?

    <p>To protect the body from further injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two important mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity?

    <p>Peripheral sensitisation and central sensitisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensitisation is responsible for hyperalgesia?

    <p>Peripheral sensitisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following chemicals can directly activate nociceptors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammation caused by the activation of nociceptors?

    <p>Neurogenic inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes hyperalgesia?

    <p>An exaggerated pain response to noxious stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes allodynia?

    <p>A painful response to non-noxious stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve fibers are responsible for the sharp, pricking pain sensation?

    <p>Delta fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the pain response caused by alpha/beta fibers and delta fibers?

    <p>The pain caused by alpha/beta fibers is well-localized and sharp, while the pain caused by delta fibers is poorly localized and dull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory nerve endings do nociceptors have in the skin?

    <p>Free nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain response is most likely to be experienced when nociceptors in the organs of the body are activated?

    <p>Dull and throbbing ache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers are responsible for transmitting pain signals and detecting temperature?

    <p>C fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between nociceptors and notice sepsis?

    <p>Nociceptors are primary sensory neurons while notice sepsis are pseudo unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average conduction speed of A delta fibers?

    <p>5-30 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of pain classified based on their mechanisms?

    <p>Deceptive and neuropathic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for transmitting pain signals to the brain?

    <p>Dorsal horn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two layers that make up the substantial gelatinosa?

    <p>Layers one and two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by first-order neurons in the dorsal horn?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the axons of second-order neurons cross the midline?

    <p>Introduction column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the thalamus in pain processing?

    <p>Encoding sensory components of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of brain regions involved in pain processing?

    <p>Pain network</p> Signup and view all the answers

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