T2 L2: Ascending and Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord, 20/10/23, AD

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the spinal cord receives sensory input?

Lateral columns

Ventral horn

Dorsal horn (correct)

Grey matter

What is the function of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

To protect the spinal cord from injury (correct)

To absorb nutrients from the blood

To provide structural support to the brain

To circulate oxygen to the brain

Which region of the spinal cord contains lots of white matter?

Dorsal horn

Grey matter

Ventral horn

Lateral columns (correct)

What is the main focus of the lecture?

The ascending and descending tracks in the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord contains more grey matter?

Cervical region Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ventral horn in the spinal cord?

Motor Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory information is carried by the ascending tracks in the spinal cord?

Proprioceptive Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal root ganglia?

Carrying sensory information into the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing somatic sensory information?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the dorsal column?

Loss of balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the Romberg sign used to assess?

Proprioception Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for relaying pain information to the brain?

Dorsal horn Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the spinal cord do fibers from the lower limb tend to sit in the anterolateral column?

Lateral Signup and view all the answers

Where do second order neurons from the anterolateral column ascend towards?

The thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the axons of second order neurons in the anterolateral column after they cross the midline?

They project towards the sensory cortex Signup and view all the answers

What type of injury would result in the loss of pain in the lower limb first?

Outer tract injury Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway controls all of your skeletal muscles?

Pyramidal tracts Signup and view all the answers

Where do the pyramidal tracts pass through?

The pyramids of the medulla Signup and view all the answers

Where do the upper motor neurons project from?

The cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is an injury to the dorsal aspect of the lateral column?

Loss of proprioception in the left lower limb Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway carries information about light touch from the skin?

Dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway Signup and view all the answers

Where do the first order neurons in the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway enter the spinal cord?

Dorsal roots Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the dorsal column is responsible for carrying information from the upper limb?

Fasciculus cuneatus Signup and view all the answers

Where do the second order neurons in the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway sit within the medulla?

Nucleus cuneatus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the motor cortex innovates the lower limb?

Medial parts Signup and view all the answers

Where do the axons of the upper motor neurons descend through?

The internal capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the brains and the cerebral paid uncles?

They cross the midline to enter the pyramids Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of fibers cross the midline to enter the pyramids?

80% Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the motor cortex innovates the upper limb?

Lateral parts Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain stem do the axons of the upper motor neurons pass through?

The ventral part Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory information is carried in the ascending tracts of the spinal cord?

Proprioceptive and exteroceptive information Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

To provide the brain with positional information Signup and view all the answers

Where do first-order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway enter the spinal cord?

Dorsal root Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord receives sensory input?

Dorsal horn Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the anterolateral column?

Loss of pain, temperature, and crude touch on the opposite side Signup and view all the answers

What is the Romberg's sign used to assess?

Coordination and balance Signup and view all the answers

What type of injury would result in the loss of pain in the upper limb first?

Injury to the anterolateral column Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the axons of second-order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway after they cross the midline?

They ascend to the thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ventral column in the spinal cord?

To carry motor information Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the lecture?

The organization of the tracts Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for relaying sensory information to the brain?

Dorsal horn Signup and view all the answers

Where do the upper motor neurons project from?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ventral horn in the spinal cord?

Motor neuronal cell bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing somatic sensory information?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is an injury to the dorsal aspect of the lateral column?

Loss of proprioception Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal root ganglia?

Receiving sensory input Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the dorsal column is responsible for carrying information from the upper limb?

Cuneate fasciculus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Protection of the brain Signup and view all the answers

Where do second order neurons from the anterolateral column ascend towards?

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

What type of injury would result in the loss of pain and temperature sensation in the lower limb first?

Dorsal root ganglia injury Signup and view all the answers

Which tract carries unconscious muscle proprioception from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs?

Spinocerebellar tracts Signup and view all the answers

Which tract carries proprioceptive information from the trunk and lower limb?

Dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts Signup and view all the answers

Where do the spinocerebellar tracts terminate in the cerebellum?

On the same side Signup and view all the answers

Which tract comprises of multiple tracts that carry proprioceptive information from the upper limb?

Cuneocerebellar tract Signup and view all the answers

Which tract crosses back in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Signup and view all the answers

Which tract controls smooth motor coordination?

Ventral spinocerebellar tract Signup and view all the answers

Which descending tract is mainly from the cerebral cortex or brainstem and is responsible for voluntary motor control?

Corticospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the corticospinal tract?

Increased muscle tone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the lower motor neurons?

Flaccid paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Which disease selectively affects both lower and upper motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organization and Function of the Spinal Cord

The lecture focuses on the ascending and descending tracks in the spinal cord that carry information to and from the brain.
The previous lecture covered the ventricular system, including the ventricles, production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and disorders affecting the system.
The spinal cord consists of grey matter (organized in an h shape) and white matter (organized into columns or tracks).
The grey matter includes the dorsal horn (sensory), ventral horn (motor), and lateral horn (sympathetic neurons).
Interneurons in the grey matter form circuits involved in reflexes.
The amount of grey matter varies at different levels of the spinal cord, with more in the cervical and lumbar regions due to innervation of the upper and lower limbs.
The white matter contains ascending tracks (carrying sensory information) and descending tracks (carrying motor information).
Ascending tracks are located in the dorsal and lateral columns, while descending tracks are found in the ventral and lateral columns.
Sensory information carried in the ascending tracks includes proprioceptive (from within the body) and exteroceptive (from outside the body) information.
The dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway carries information about light touch, vibrations, and proprioception from muscles and joints to the cortex.
The first, second, and third order neurons are involved in this pathway, with primary sensory neurons entering the dorsal column on the same side and ascending to the brainstem.
In the brainstem, the axons of the first order neurons synapse with second order neurons in the nucleus gracilis or nucleus cuneatus, depending on whether the information is from the lower or upper limb.

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Quiz: Test your knowledge on Spinal Cord Tracts and Proprioceptive Information Challenge yourself with this quiz on spinal cord tracts and proprioceptive information. Explore the main tracks involved in transmitting information from the lower and upper limbs, and discover how they contribute to our sense of movement and coordination. Put your knowledge to the test and see how much you know about these important aspects of the nervous system.

T2 L2: Ascending and Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord, 20/10/23, AD

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the spinal cord receives sensory input?

What is the function of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

Which region of the spinal cord contains lots of white matter?

What is the main focus of the lecture?

Which part of the spinal cord contains more grey matter?

What is the function of the ventral horn in the spinal cord?

What type of sensory information is carried by the ascending tracks in the spinal cord?

What is the function of the dorsal root ganglia?

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing somatic sensory information?

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the dorsal column?

What is the Romberg sign used to assess?

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for relaying pain information to the brain?

Which region of the spinal cord do fibers from the lower limb tend to sit in the anterolateral column?

Where do second order neurons from the anterolateral column ascend towards?

What happens to the axons of second order neurons in the anterolateral column after they cross the midline?

What type of injury would result in the loss of pain in the lower limb first?

Which pathway controls all of your skeletal muscles?

Where do the pyramidal tracts pass through?

Where do the upper motor neurons project from?

What happens if there is an injury to the dorsal aspect of the lateral column?

Which pathway carries information about light touch from the skin?

Where do the first order neurons in the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway enter the spinal cord?

Which part of the dorsal column is responsible for carrying information from the upper limb?

Where do the second order neurons in the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway sit within the medulla?

Which part of the motor cortex innovates the lower limb?

Where do the axons of the upper motor neurons descend through?

What is the fate of the brains and the cerebral paid uncles?

What percentage of fibers cross the midline to enter the pyramids?

Which part of the motor cortex innovates the upper limb?

Which part of the brain stem do the axons of the upper motor neurons pass through?

What type of sensory information is carried in the ascending tracts of the spinal cord?

What is the function of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

Where do first-order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway enter the spinal cord?

Which part of the spinal cord receives sensory input?

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the anterolateral column?

What is the Romberg's sign used to assess?

What type of injury would result in the loss of pain in the upper limb first?

What is the fate of the axons of second-order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway after they cross the midline?

What is the function of the ventral column in the spinal cord?

What is the main focus of the lecture?

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for relaying sensory information to the brain?

Where do the upper motor neurons project from?

What is the function of the ventral horn in the spinal cord?

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing somatic sensory information?

What happens if there is an injury to the dorsal aspect of the lateral column?

What is the function of the dorsal root ganglia?

Which part of the dorsal column is responsible for carrying information from the upper limb?

What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Where do second order neurons from the anterolateral column ascend towards?

What type of injury would result in the loss of pain and temperature sensation in the lower limb first?

Which tract carries unconscious muscle proprioception from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs?

Which tract carries proprioceptive information from the trunk and lower limb?

Where do the spinocerebellar tracts terminate in the cerebellum?

Which tract comprises of multiple tracts that carry proprioceptive information from the upper limb?

Which tract crosses back in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

Which tract controls smooth motor coordination?

Which descending tract is mainly from the cerebral cortex or brainstem and is responsible for voluntary motor control?

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the corticospinal tract?

What is the main symptom of a lesion in the lower motor neurons?

Which disease selectively affects both lower and upper motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy?

Study Notes

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