56 Questions
According to the text, what is the definition of pain?
An unpleasant sensory experience associated with injuring tissues
What is the purpose of feeling pain, according to the text?
To warn us of harmful situations
What can happen to individuals who cannot feel pain?
They have a mutation in a sodium channel associated with motion sensors
Which region of the spinal cord is known as the substantial gelatinous?
Substantial gelatinous
What are the layers one and two of the spinal cord's grey matter called?
Substantial gelatinous
Which neurotransmitters are released when the second order neurons in the dorsal horn are activated?
Glutamate and substance P
What can activate motion sensors?
Chemicals
What are the peripheral transduction mechanisms?
All of the above
Which ion channel responds to very hot temperatures?
Trip V one
What chemical activates the V one receptor and makes curries feel hot?
Capsaicin
Which of the following can directly activate motion sensors and switch on the pain pathway?
Lactic acid
What term is used to describe a painful response that is exaggerated compared to the stimulus?
Hyperalgesia
What term is used to describe a stimulus that is not painful but produces a painful response?
Aladin
What is the main cause of neurogenic inflammation?
Direct activation of nociceptors
Which nerve fibers respond predominantly to light touch?
Alpha and beta nerve fibers
What type of nerve fibers are responsible for a sharp pricking sensation when activated?
Delta and C fibers
Which type of nerve fibers are responsible for a slow, dull ache when activated?
Beta and C fibers
Which type of nerve fibers are poorly localized and innovating the organs of the body?
Delta and C fibers
What are the two main types of pain classified in the text?
Deceptive and neuropathic
What are the characteristics of alpha and beta nerve fibers mentioned in the text?
Large diameter, lots of myelin, fast conduction
What is the average conduction speed of C fibers mentioned in the text?
Approximately one meter per second
What is the relationship between itch and pain pathways mentioned in the text?
They share the same spinal thalamic tracts
What is peripheral sensitisation triggered by?
Tissue damage and inflammation
What is the major mechanism in neuropathic pain?
Central sensitisation
What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity?
It helps healing by ensuring contact with injured tissues
What causes an exaggerated pain response in peripheral sensitisation?
Activation of transient receptor potential Lloyd one receptor
What is the average conduction speed of A delta fibers mentioned in the text?
5-30 meters per second
What is the purpose of itch, according to the text?
It is a normal function of our pain fibers
What are the two main types of pain classified in the text?
Deceptive and neuropathic
What is the major mechanism in peripheral sensitization, according to the text?
Activation of C fibers
What is the term used to describe a painful response that is exaggerated compared to the stimulus?
Hyperalgesia
What chemical can directly activate motion sensors and switch on the pain pathway?
ATP
What is the major cause of neurogenic inflammation?
Activation of nose receptors
What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity?
To enhance the perception of pain
What type of nerve fibers are responsible for a sharp pricking sensation when activated?
Delta nerve fibers
What is the purpose of feeling pain, according to the text?
To locate the source of the pain
Which region of the spinal cord is known as the substantial gelatinous?
Delta nerve fibers
What are the two main types of pain classified in the text?
Localised and poorly localised pain
According to the text, what is the purpose of feeling pain?
To warn us of harmful situations and prevent injury
What is the relationship between itch and pain pathways mentioned in the text?
Itch and pain pathways are interconnected and can influence each other
What can happen to individuals who cannot feel pain, according to the text?
They may end up injuring themselves or even dying
What is the major mechanism in neuropathic pain, as mentioned in the text?
Peripheral sensitisation
What type of ion channels respond to acids and are also mechanically responsive?
Acid sensing ion channels
Which channel responds to very hot temperatures and is also activated by capsaicin?
Trip V one channels
What is the purpose of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels?
To respond to different temperatures
What is the main characteristic of poly modal CE fiber nociceptors?
They respond to different stimuli
Which type of pain is associated with peripheral sensitisation?
Hyperalgesia
What are the two major mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity mentioned in the text?
Peripheral and central sensitisation
What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity, according to the text?
To avoid resting injured tissue on objects that may cause more injury
What is the main cause of peripheral sensitisation?
Tissue damage and inflammation
Which region of the spinal cord is responsible for the activation of second order neurons in the dorsal horn?
Substantial gelatinous
What is the function of the lamina in the grey matter of the spinal cord?
To divide the grey matter into different layers
Which neurotransmitters are released when the second order neurons in the dorsal horn are activated?
Glutamate and substance P
What is the role of the second order neurons in the pain pathway?
To cross the midline and ascend the introduction column
What is the average conduction speed of C fibers mentioned in the text?
Slow
What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity?
To enhance the pain response
Test your knowledge on neuropathic pain and its association with sensory abnormalities. Learn about the unusual sensations experienced by patients and their triggers.
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