T2 L8: Physiology of Pain 1 (AD)
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Questions and Answers

According to the text, what is the definition of pain?

  • A pleasant sensory experience
  • A reflex triggered by touching something hot
  • An unpleasant sensory experience associated with injuring tissues (correct)
  • A signal that goes into the somatosensory cortex

    • What is the purpose of feeling pain, according to the text?

  • To warn us of harmful situations (correct)
  • To trigger a reflex response
  • To prevent injury
  • To provide a pleasant sensory experience

    • What can happen to individuals who cannot feel pain?

  • They experience more intense pain
  • They have a mutation in a sodium channel associated with motion sensors (correct)
  • They have a longer lifespan
  • They have a higher pain tolerance

    • Which region of the spinal cord is known as the substantial gelatinous?

    <p>Substantial gelatinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the layers one and two of the spinal cord's grey matter called?

    <p>Substantial gelatinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are released when the second order neurons in the dorsal horn are activated?

    <p>Glutamate and substance P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can activate motion sensors?

    <p>Chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the peripheral transduction mechanisms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion channel responds to very hot temperatures?

    <p>Trip V one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical activates the V one receptor and makes curries feel hot?

    <p>Capsaicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can directly activate motion sensors and switch on the pain pathway?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a painful response that is exaggerated compared to the stimulus?

    <p>Hyperalgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a stimulus that is not painful but produces a painful response?

    <p>Aladin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of neurogenic inflammation?

    <p>Direct activation of nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve fibers respond predominantly to light touch?

    <p>Alpha and beta nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve fibers are responsible for a sharp pricking sensation when activated?

    <p>Delta and C fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers are responsible for a slow, dull ache when activated?

    <p>Beta and C fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers are poorly localized and innovating the organs of the body?

    <p>Delta and C fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of pain classified in the text?

    <p>Deceptive and neuropathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of alpha and beta nerve fibers mentioned in the text?

    <p>Large diameter, lots of myelin, fast conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average conduction speed of C fibers mentioned in the text?

    <p>Approximately one meter per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between itch and pain pathways mentioned in the text?

    <p>They share the same spinal thalamic tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peripheral sensitisation triggered by?

    <p>Tissue damage and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major mechanism in neuropathic pain?

    <p>Central sensitisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity?

    <p>It helps healing by ensuring contact with injured tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an exaggerated pain response in peripheral sensitisation?

    <p>Activation of transient receptor potential Lloyd one receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average conduction speed of A delta fibers mentioned in the text?

    <p>5-30 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of itch, according to the text?

    <p>It is a normal function of our pain fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of pain classified in the text?

    <p>Deceptive and neuropathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major mechanism in peripheral sensitization, according to the text?

    <p>Activation of C fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a painful response that is exaggerated compared to the stimulus?

    <p>Hyperalgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical can directly activate motion sensors and switch on the pain pathway?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause of neurogenic inflammation?

    <p>Activation of nose receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity?

    <p>To enhance the perception of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve fibers are responsible for a sharp pricking sensation when activated?

    <p>Delta nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of feeling pain, according to the text?

    <p>To locate the source of the pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord is known as the substantial gelatinous?

    <p>Delta nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of pain classified in the text?

    <p>Localised and poorly localised pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the purpose of feeling pain?

    <p>To warn us of harmful situations and prevent injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between itch and pain pathways mentioned in the text?

    <p>Itch and pain pathways are interconnected and can influence each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to individuals who cannot feel pain, according to the text?

    <p>They may end up injuring themselves or even dying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major mechanism in neuropathic pain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Peripheral sensitisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ion channels respond to acids and are also mechanically responsive?

    <p>Acid sensing ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which channel responds to very hot temperatures and is also activated by capsaicin?

    <p>Trip V one channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels?

    <p>To respond to different temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of poly modal CE fiber nociceptors?

    <p>They respond to different stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain is associated with peripheral sensitisation?

    <p>Hyperalgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity mentioned in the text?

    <p>Peripheral and central sensitisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity, according to the text?

    <p>To avoid resting injured tissue on objects that may cause more injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of peripheral sensitisation?

    <p>Tissue damage and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spinal cord is responsible for the activation of second order neurons in the dorsal horn?

    <p>Substantial gelatinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lamina in the grey matter of the spinal cord?

    <p>To divide the grey matter into different layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are released when the second order neurons in the dorsal horn are activated?

    <p>Glutamate and substance P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the second order neurons in the pain pathway?

    <p>To cross the midline and ascend the introduction column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average conduction speed of C fibers mentioned in the text?

    <p>Slow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity?

    <p>To enhance the pain response</p> Signup and view all the answers

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