Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Believes in the superiority of “mind” over “matter”
This dualistic outlook identifies authentic knowledge with thoughts and ideas
Rejects those that arise from the schools of thoughts that rely on the material world for knowledge.
Who is the Father of Idealism?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two worlds of Plato's philophy?
Signup and view all the answers
Existence is necessarily linked to and cannot be separated from perception
Signup and view all the answers
Experience of things is about how they appear to us, not about how things are in and of themselves.
Signup and view all the answers
Two objective realities of Immanuel Kant
Signup and view all the answers
Pointing out the limitations of human knowledge by emphasizing that things “as they are” would be beyond human reason.
Signup and view all the answers
He said God is the Mind which is not separate from the world – wherein that reality is single, absolute all-inclusive mind – The Absolute.
Signup and view all the answers
Constitutes all realities and possibilities is the bigger whole of which all the other realities are smaller parts
Signup and view all the answers
The human mind or individual consciousness (consciously or unconsciously) participates in the absolute mind.
Signup and view all the answers
The goal of every human consciousness is to be aligned with the greater consciousness or absolute mind.
Signup and view all the answers
Portrays the search of the individual consciousness for the absolute mind in the midst of all imperfections of the world.
Signup and view all the answers
Believes in the existence of objective realities or “things-as-they-are”
Signup and view all the answers
Exist in themselves or possess value with or without a mind perceiving it.
Signup and view all the answers
Independent of ideas, concepts, consciousness or acts of perceptions.
Signup and view all the answers
Realities must be perceived or appreciated for what they are – cannot even be tampered by human perception or subjectivity.
Signup and view all the answers
Actual objects in the universe exist whether or not there is a human mind that is conscious of them.
Signup and view all the answers
Who is the Father of Realism?
Signup and view all the answers
He sought to know objective reality through scientific method involving attentive and diligent scrutiny of all observable data.
Signup and view all the answers
The key to understanding an object is to know the ultimate form – wherein it refers that a particular object shares properties with other similar objects – and ultimate form is not subject to change.
Signup and view all the answers
Knowledge is known through nature, acquired by forming images of sensory experiences, and associations are then made among images.
Signup and view all the answers
He used realism to explain God’s existence – Five Proofs of God’s Existence
Signup and view all the answers
Matter did not coexist with God but created out of nothing as the primary substance from which all other existences are created.
Signup and view all the answers
He is the proponent of moderate realism which serves the link between platonic realism and nominalism.
Signup and view all the answers
The soul, being the form of the body, is an immortal creation of God and not simply derived from humanity’s biological roots.
Signup and view all the answers
Greatest Theologians of Western religion, wherein he taught at universities where he was regarded as a master of “disputed questions”
Signup and view all the answers
existence of universal or abstract objects
Signup and view all the answers
abstract concepts have no independent existences, only exist as names
Signup and view all the answers
there is difference in existence in mind and existence in reality
Signup and view all the answers
This philosophy holds that experience is the ultimate basis of reality
Signup and view all the answers
stresses that practical consequences constitute the essential criteria in determining truth, or values.
Signup and view all the answers
Reality is constantly changing so that every knowledge or concept must be adaptable to specific situations and responsive to concrete problems.
Signup and view all the answers
No absolute concepts but simply timely and effective solutions – meaning, value & truth are relative in order to yield practical results.
Signup and view all the answers
focuses more on concrete actions rather than concepts, doctrines or ideas; to test the validity or usefulness of concepts
Signup and view all the answers
teaches people to focus more on searching for the methods which achieve desirable ends.
Signup and view all the answers
examines traditional ways to incorporate in daily life – create new ideas to deal with the changing world.
Signup and view all the answers
There are no ready-made truths; these arrive during actual situations and truth is relative to a conceptual scheme.
Signup and view all the answers
believed that thought, in order to be valid and useful, must produce action.
Signup and view all the answers
He accepted the proposition that the mind is different from material reality, but he also maintained that what is known about objective reality resides in the idea one has of any given object
Signup and view all the answers
the clarity and precision of ideas are important as these would be crucial to the consequential application of those thoughts and ideas in real-life situations.
Signup and view all the answers
Knowledge must be always be tested into actual experiences, because ideas are only hypothesis until proven.
Signup and view all the answers
“Our idea of anything is our idea of its sensible effects”
Signup and view all the answers
refers to that theories are instruments of actions and their application and usefulness will determine the truth.
Signup and view all the answers
Problems differ and thus require different solutions -- traditional ideas must not be treated as solutions – but to produce creative and appropriate solutions.
Signup and view all the answers
believes that learners must constantly adapt to their environment and be especially aware of how constant changes affect their lives – learning to deal with one another, and cooperate in the pursuit of new social order that would hasten their development or aid them in the acquisition of collective goals and desires.
Signup and view all the answers
believed that the test of a theory, belief, or doctrine must be their results.
Signup and view all the answers
Truth is dynamic rather than static, and is determined by the applicability of beliefs to human experiences and practical situations.
Signup and view all the answers
The most widely influential philosophical orientation from 1945 to the 1970s.
Signup and view all the answers
Refers to the focus on the question of human existence
Signup and view all the answers
rejects the imposition of any philosophical system and insists that the burden falls on every individual to determine or give meaning to their lives.
Signup and view all the answers
take precedence over external standards.
Signup and view all the answers
rebels against or opposes traditional or totalitarian systems that tend to depersonalize or dehumanize human persons by forcing them to be what they are not by curtailing their freedom of choice
Signup and view all the answers
is often described as a movement of those who refuse to belong to any school of thought.
Signup and view all the answers
saw rationality as a way by which humans could respond positively to their existential anxiety or their fear of being in the world
Signup and view all the answers
raised his objection against a science-oriented world that leads to human person’s objectification and depersonalization.
Signup and view all the answers
rejects the idea that people must emphasize on the thought rather than the thinker – believing that human person can restore meaning into their lives.
Signup and view all the answers
sensuous enjoyment; emotions are dominant
Signup and view all the answers
understanding one’s place / function
Signup and view all the answers
where one stands alone before God
Signup and view all the answers
he criticized how rationalistic philosophy, prevailing conditions in his time, and traditional morality contributed to the disregard for and the weakening of humans
Signup and view all the answers
Human weaknesses are exploited by the factors, wherein he wish to rectify it to produce a superior race.
Signup and view all the answers
he claims that a) universe lacks meaning and purpose, b) nature is beyond good and evil, c) all men are unequal; that morality is invention of the weak to limit and deter the strong; the power is the supreme virtue and the supreme human desire; and that of all forms of government, the wisest and most natural is aristocracy
Signup and view all the answers
Famous for his pronouncement, God is dead
Signup and view all the answers
warned humans about the dangers of living a life dependent on science and technology and where human values are taken for granted.
Signup and view all the answers
believed that people must take it upon themselves to make a choice and be responsible for their own lives.
Signup and view all the answers
Who am I and what should I do?
Signup and view all the answers
there is no God nor any philosophical system or standard that can determine meaning for them – they must take responsibility for justifying their existence has meaning.
Signup and view all the answers
began his classes with his discussion of “being-in-the-world” which focuses on the mode of existence or lived experience of the individual in the world
Signup and view all the answers
Three fundamental features characterize human existence:
Signup and view all the answers
Three aspects constitute individual existence or being-in-the-world:
Signup and view all the answers
human person is involved in the world
Signup and view all the answers
which sees the human person as a project and a possibility
Signup and view all the answers
the human tendency to become a mere presence in the world
Signup and view all the answers
The mind cannot attain the truth because it is prone to error and ergo one needs to suspend his / her belief.
Signup and view all the answers
It is based on doubt, the state of the mind when it suspends judgment or assent on something because of the possibility of error.
Signup and view all the answers
is a statement without sufficient basis or reason and ergo can be either true or false.
Signup and view all the answers
There is an evil genius who manipulates our senses.
Signup and view all the answers
I think, therefore, I am (Cogito Ergo Sum)
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Idealism
- Believes in the superiority of "mind" over "matter"
- Authentic knowledge is identified with thoughts and ideas
- Rejects knowledge that arises from the material world
- Father of Idealism: Plato
- Two worlds of Plato's philosophy: world of senses and world of forms
Immanuel Kant
- Two objective realities: knowledge is necessarily linked to perception, and experience of things is about how they appear to us, not about how things are in and of themselves
- Pointing out the limitations of human knowledge, emphasizing that things "as they are" would be beyond human reason
Absolute Idealism
- Reality is single, absolute, and all-inclusive mind - The Absolute
- The human mind or individual consciousness participates in the absolute mind
- Goal of every human consciousness is to be aligned with the greater consciousness or absolute mind
Realism
- Believes in the existence of objective realities or "things-as-they-are"
- Realities exist independently of ideas, concepts, consciousness, or acts of perception
- Father of Realism: Aristotle
- Key to understanding an object is to know the ultimate form, which is not subject to change
- Knowledge is known through nature, acquired by forming images of sensory experiences, and associations are then made among images
- Five Proofs of God's Existence
Moderate Realism
- Link between Platonic Realism and Nominalism
- Soul, being the form of the body, is an immortal creation of God
- Greatest Theologians of Western religion
Nominalism
- Abstract concepts have no independent existence, only exist as names
- Difference in existence in mind and existence in reality
Pragmatism
- Experience is the ultimate basis of reality
- Practical consequences constitute the essential criteria in determining truth or values
- Reality is constantly changing, and knowledge or concepts must be adaptable to specific situations and responsive to concrete problems
- No absolute concepts, but simply timely and effective solutions - meaning, value, and truth are relative
- Focuses on concrete actions rather than concepts, doctrines, or ideas
William James
- Thoughts must produce action
- Importance of clarity and precision of ideas
- Knowledge must be tested into actual experiences, because ideas are only hypotheses until proven
- Refers to theories as instruments of actions and their application and usefulness will determine the truth
- Problems differ and thus require different solutions
- Learners must constantly adapt to their environment and be especially aware of how constant changes affect their lives
Existentialism
- Focuses on the question of human existence
- Rejects the imposition of any philosophical system and insists that the burden falls on every individual to determine or give meaning to their lives
- Takes precedence over external standards
- Rebels against or opposes traditional or totalitarian systems that tend to depersonalize or dehumanize human persons
- Saw rationality as a way by which humans could respond positively to their existential anxiety or their fear of being in the world
Friedrich Nietzsche
- Criticized rationalistic philosophy, prevailing conditions, and traditional morality
- Human weaknesses are exploited by factors, and he wishes to rectify it to produce a superior race
- Claims that universe lacks meaning and purpose, nature is beyond good and evil, and all men are unequal
- Morality is an invention of the weak to limit and deter the strong
- Power is the supreme virtue and the supreme human desire
- Aristocracy is the wisest and most natural form of government
Jean-Paul Sartre
- Famous for his pronouncement, "God is dead"
- Warns humans about the dangers of living a life dependent on science and technology
- Believes people must take it upon themselves to make a choice and be responsible for their own lives
- Three fundamental features characterize human existence: human person is involved in the world, human person sees the world as a project and a possibility, and the human tendency to become a mere presence in the world
René Descartes
- Mind cannot attain the truth because it is prone to error
- It is based on doubt, the state of the mind when it suspends judgment or assent on something because of the possibility of error
- "I think, therefore, I am" (Cogito Ergo Sum)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Quiz: Exploring the Philosophy of Mind over Matter Discover the beliefs of individuals who hold the view of the superiority of "mind" over "matter" in this enlightening quiz. Uncover the main focus of their belief and test your understanding of their perspective with accurate statements that describe their philosophy.
