Philosophy: Plato's Intelligible World

Forms

Potentiality

Deductive reasoning, implying valid arguments from an assumed starting place

<p>The right environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter and form</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure potentiality and pure energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because he believes in an eternal ideal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The matter gets a new accidental form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soul and body &amp; form and matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You cannot expect someone to change their essence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Everything that has a design has a designer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shadows of people and objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intellect, will, and appetites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prudence or wisdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Courage or fortitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetative, sensory, and rational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The greatest good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The end or purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contemplation of eternal good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are constricted by one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soul is the form of the body, the body is the matter of the soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subject: cats; Predicate: mammals; Copula: are</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A universal statement refers to all members of a category, while a particular statement refers to some members of a category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Some dogs are not friendly' is an example of an O statement, and it means that at least one dog is not friendly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A distributed term refers to 100% of a category or class, such as 'All birds are animals'. An undistributed term refers to less than 100% of a category, like 'Some cars are red'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major premise: 'All Greeks are humans'; Minor premise: 'Socrates is a Greek'; Conclusion: 'Socrates is a human'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Man is the measure of all things; there is no objective truth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that the only good is in virtue and a rejection of societal norms and political patronage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrrho was skeptical of everything and thought there was no certainty. He believed that getting rid of desires leads to the greatest good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The greatest good is avoiding pain through moderate desires - or temperance. This differs from hedonism, which Epicurus does not believe in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stoicism emphasizes controlling one's emotions through reason and recognizing fate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Augustine believed that faith precedes knowledge and that God is knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the belief that all knowledge is derived from God - like light from the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sin is a disordered love, where one desires things in the improper order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>God is the ultimate goal, not something to achieve some further objective with.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambrose introduced Augustine to Plotinus's Emanation Theory, which aided Augustine's conversion to Christianity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epicureans believe if life is accidental, it is inherently meaningless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stoics emphasize controlling emotions, while Epicureans believe in getting rid of some desires to avoid suffering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights Augustine's desire to see things from others' perspectives and wrestle with the nature of sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because your subjective truth is your ultimate reality and so cannot be false.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Despair = suffering - meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Plotinus, our minds reside within the divine mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plotinus suggests that we can reason with our psyche because we can reason with God's ideas, which reside in the divine world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The goal is to move away from the mundane, going first to the pleasant and then ultimately to the perfect. It involves leaving the body and transcending the physical world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anselm argues that the very act of being able to conceive of God proves that God exists. Doubt implies knowledge, which in turn implies existence, including God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anselm argues that because doubt is based on knowledge, doubt itself must exist, and this knowledge leads to the conclusion of God's existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aquinas argues that God is necessary and eternal because human beings are contingent, emphasizing God’s role as the ground of being for temporary and imperfect things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Aquinas, God's essence is existence. This is to say that God is not dependent upon anything else for existence; God's existence is inherent to what God is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aquinas's argument of entropy posits that things naturally tend towards disorder and lower energy, implying that there must have been a first mover because a chain of movement cannot be infinitely long.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aquinas uses reason (perception, empiricism, science) to understand nature, which he combines with faith (revelation, metaphysics) to understand theological concepts, thus combining both elements in his thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions, according to Plotinus, reside in the physical world (universe) which is one step above matter and below the World Soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The core idea of an object, encompassing its true nature or essence.

The inherent capacity of something to change or develop into something else.

The actual state or form of a thing, what it currently is.

The realm of perfect and unchanging ideas, accessible only through reason and understanding.

The realm of sensory experiences and changing physical objects, perceived through our senses.

The belief that true reality exists in perfect and unchanging ideas, while the physical world is an imperfect reflection of these ideals.

Plato's theory that distinguishes between the world of Forms (perfect and unchanging) and the world of appearances (imperfect and changing).

The process of reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions, often used in mathematics and logic.

The idea that the soul and body are inseparable and work together, with the soul being the driving force and the body being its instrument. The soul guides the body through virtue, while the body has its desires and needs.

The concept that everything in the universe has a purpose and was designed by an intelligent being. This argument points to the complexity and order of the universe as evidence of a designer.

In Plato's allegory, this refers to people who are trapped in a cave and only see shadows, representing those who are ignorant of true knowledge. Those who escape the cave and experience the real world represent those who have gained true understanding.

Aristotle believed that a human's true purpose (telos) lies in living a virtuous life, using their body and soul according to their intended function.

The statement that when we harm our body, we also harm our soul. This reflects the interconnectedness of body and soul.

The part of the soul responsible for thinking and reasoning. It allows us to understand and use knowledge.

The part of the soul responsible for desires and emotions. It guides our passions and drives.

The part of the soul that motivates us to act. It is our sense of self-control and willpower.

The intellectual virtue that involves practical wisdom, good judgment, and making decisions.

The moral virtue that involves courage, bravery, and strength in the face of challenges.

The moral virtue that involves moderation, self-control, and balance in our desires.

The state of possessing all the virtues and living harmoniously.

The essential nature of something, its defining characteristics. For humans, this is our soul.

The belief that the soul and body are two distinct entities. The soul is a prisoner of the body.

The highest good, the ultimate goal of human life. For Aristotle, this is happiness.

A statement about which something is said; the subject of a proposition.

The part of a proposition that states something about the subject, often linked by a copula.

The word or phrase that joins the subject and predicate in a proposition.

A type of logical argument with three parts: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

A term that covers 100% of all things it refers to in a proposition.

The belief that truth is relative and subjective, depending on individual perspectives. There is no objective truth.

The belief that truth and knowledge are absolute, independent of individual perspectives.

Protagoras' famous saying, "Man is the measure of all things," emphasizing that human perception and experience shape our understanding of reality.

The philosophical stance that claims it is impossible to attain certainty about knowledge or truth.

A philosophy that emphasizes the pursuit of virtue and living in accordance with nature.

A school of philosophy focusing on achieving happiness through moderation and control over desires, avoiding unnecessary pain.

The idea that God is the ultimate source of knowledge and illumination, influencing our understanding of the world.

The concept that reality is an emanation from the One, a divine source from which all things flow, and which everything strives to return to.

Augustine's belief that faith precedes knowledge, implying that a belief in God is essential for attaining true understanding.

The belief in the inherent goodness of the human body, created by God, and its important role in our overall being.

The highest level of reality in Plotinus's system, a realm of pure thought and perfect understanding. Its essence is being, not becoming.

A state of being or realm of reality where physical objects are not present, but potential for such objects exists.

The idea that the soul is the true center of human nature, prioritizing virtues and interior life over physical needs.

A philosophical concept that views sin as a disordered love, driven by a desire for incomplete or temporary fulfillment.

The state of nothingness or absence of being, the furthest point from the One in Plotinus's system.

Augustine's exploration of the importance of seeing things from others' perspectives, highlighted by his reflection on the pear tree incident.

The realm of the soul, connecting the Divine Mind and the physical Universe. It embodies a sense of agency and reason.

The argument in which God's existence is inferred from the idea of God as the greatest conceivable being. It proposes that such a being must necessarily exist.

Augustine's theological viewpoint that God is the ultimate end, not a means to achieve something else.

Augustine's belief that only God and nothingness are incorruptible, highlighting their unique and eternal nature.

Aquinas' argument for God's existence based on the observation that things in the natural world tend towards a state of rest or order. This implies a first mover, which is God.

The influence of sensory experiences on the soul. Our senses shape our understanding of the world.

The idea that God is the ultimate good and that His essence is existence. He is unchangeable and necessary for all contingent beings.

Aquinas' framework for understanding the world by combining rational inquiry (natural theology and philosophy) with revealed knowledge (theology and faith).

The combination of philosophical and theological arguments for God's existence - utilizing both reason and faith to reach a conclusion about God.