Gr 10 Physical Sciences Ch 3: The arrangement of the elements

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary way the elements are arranged in the periodic table?

  • In order of increasing atomic number (correct)
  • Alphabetical order by symbol
  • By the number of electrons in the outermost energy level
  • By similarities in chemical properties

Who is credited with creating the first widely recognized periodic table?

  • Isaac Newton
  • Dmitri Mendeleev (correct)
  • Albert Einstein
  • Marie Curie

What is the term for the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gas phase?

  • Electron Affinity
  • Atomic Radius
  • Electronegativity
  • Ionisation Energy (correct)

What is the term for a measure of the size of an atom?

<p>Atomic Radius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?

<p>Electronegativity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of organizing the elements into vertical columns called groups?

<p>To show patterns and relationships among the elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many groups are there in the periodic table?

<p>18 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information can be determined from the period number of an element in the periodic table?

<p>The highest energy level that is being filled with electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in atomic radius across a period from left to right?

<p>Decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in electronegativity down a group?

<p>Decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements is known for being very reactive?

<p>Group 1 and 17 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in ionisation energy across a period from left to right?

<p>Increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in melting and boiling points across a period?

<p>Increases to a peak and then decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the noble gases?

<p>Inert due to full valence shells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration of phosphorus (P)?

<p>[Ne]3s²3p³ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element in period 3 has a higher ionisation energy, sodium (Na) or chlorine (Cl)?

<p>Chlorine (Cl) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in electrical conductivity across a period from left to right?

<p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements is characterized by having full valence shells?

<p>Noble gases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in atomic radius down a group?

<p>It increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the similar chemical properties of elements in the same group?

<p>They have the same number of valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of Mendeleev's periodic table?

<p>It showed the relationships between elements and their properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is NOT a measure of an atom's ability to attract or gain electrons?

<p>Atomic Radius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the period number in the periodic table?

<p>It indicates the highest energy level being filled with electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are elements in the same group organized in vertical columns?

<p>Because they have similar properties and electron configurations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of organizing the elements into horizontal rows called periods?

<p>To display the elements in order of increasing atomic number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the electron configuration of an element and its position in the periodic table?

<p>The element's position determines its electron configuration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason why Mendeleev's periodic table was successful?

<p>It was based on the chemical properties of the elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the periodic table to organize the elements?

<p>It allows for the prediction of element properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following trends in the periodic table is an exception to the general trend of increasing ionisation energy across a period?

<p>The peak in ionisation energy in the middle of a period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the variation in the formulas and properties of chlorides and oxides across a period?

<p>The change in the electron configuration across a period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is characterised by having a full valence shell and being unreactive?

<p>Group 18: Noble gases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the reactivity of the elements in group 17?

<p>Their high electronegativity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the melting and boiling points of the elements in a period?

<p>They generally peak in the middle of a period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the similar chemical properties of elements in the same group?

<p>Their similar number of valence electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the periodic trends observed in the periodic table?

<p>The recurring patterns in the electron configuration of elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements would have the highest electron affinity?

<p>Fluorine (F) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the electron configuration of an element and its position in the periodic table?

<p>The position of the element determines the electron configuration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements would have the highest ionisation energy?

<p>Fluorine (F) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the groups in the periodic table?

<p>Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in electronegativity across a period from left to right?

<p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements would have the lowest atomic radius?

<p>Fluorine (F) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the periods in the periodic table?

<p>Elements in the same period have similar electron configurations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the decrease in atomic radius across a period from left to right?

<p>Increase in the nuclear charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements is characterized by having seven valence electrons?

<p>Halogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in electrical conductivity of metals across a period from left to right?

<p>Decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the similar chemical properties of elements in the same group?

<p>Same number of valence electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend in melting and boiling points across a period?

<p>Increase to a peak and then decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element in period 3 would have a lower ionisation energy?

<p>Sodium (Na) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the periodic table to organize the elements?

<p>It allows for the prediction of the existence and properties of unknown elements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of Mendeleev's periodic table?

<p>It allows for the prediction of the existence and properties of unknown elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the electron configuration of an element and its position in the periodic table?

<p>The position of an element in the periodic table can be used to determine its electron configuration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the groups in the periodic table?

<p>They are used to organize the elements with similar properties in vertical columns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the periods in the periodic table?

<p>They are used to organize the elements with similar properties in horizontal rows. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are elements in the same group organized in vertical columns?

<p>Because they have similar properties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the reactivity of the elements in group 17?

<p>They want to gain electrons to form a stable octet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements would have the highest electron affinity?

<p>Chlorine (Cl) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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