First 12 Elements of the Periodic Table

Hydrogen (H)
- Atomic Number: 1
- Atomic Mass: 1.008 u
- Group: 1 (Alkali Metals)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Key Fact: Most abundant element in the universe.
Helium (He)
- Atomic Number: 2
- Atomic Mass: 4.0026 u
- Group: 18 (Noble Gases)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Key Fact: Second lightest and second most abundant element.
Lithium (Li)
- Atomic Number: 3
- Atomic Mass: 6.94 u
- Group: 1 (Alkali Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Key Fact: Lightest metal and used in batteries.
Beryllium (Be)
- Atomic Number: 4
- Atomic Mass: 9.0122 u
- Group: 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Key Fact: Used in aerospace materials and X-ray windows.
Boron (B)
- Atomic Number: 5
- Atomic Mass: 10.81 u
- Group: 13 (Metalloids)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Key Fact: Essential for plant growth; used in glass and ceramics.
Carbon (C)
- Atomic Number: 6
- Atomic Mass: 12.011 u
- Group: 14 (Nonmetals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Key Fact: Basis of organic chemistry; exists in various allotropes (e.g., graphite, diamond).
Nitrogen (N)
- Atomic Number: 7
- Atomic Mass: 14.007 u
- Group: 15 (Nonmetals)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Key Fact: Makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere.
Oxygen (O)
- Atomic Number: 8
- Atomic Mass: 15.999 u
- Group: 16 (Nonmetals)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Key Fact: Essential for respiration; supports combustion.
Fluorine (F)
- Atomic Number: 9
- Atomic Mass: 18.998 u
- Group: 17 (Halogens)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Key Fact: Most reactive and electronegative element.
Neon (Ne)
- Atomic Number: 10
- Atomic Mass: 20.1797 u
- Group: 18 (Noble Gases)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Key Fact: Used in neon signs and has low reactivity.
Sodium (Na)
- Atomic Number: 11
- Atomic Mass: 22.9897 u
- Group: 1 (Alkali Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Key Fact: Essential for life; commonly found in table salt.
Magnesium (Mg)
- Atomic Number: 12
- Atomic Mass: 24.305 u
- Group: 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Key Fact: Important for plant growth; used in alloys and pyrotechnics.

First 12 Elements of the Periodic Table

Hydrogen (H):
- Atomic Number: 1
- Atomic Mass: 1.008 u
- Group: 1 (Alkali Metals)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Most abundant element in the universe, vital for stars' composition.
Helium (He):
- Atomic Number: 2
- Atomic Mass: 4.0026 u
- Group: 18 (Noble Gases)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Second lightest and most abundant element, commonly used in balloons.
Lithium (Li):
- Atomic Number: 3
- Atomic Mass: 6.94 u
- Group: 1 (Alkali Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Lightest metal used extensively in rechargeable batteries.
Beryllium (Be):
- Atomic Number: 4
- Atomic Mass: 9.0122 u
- Group: 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Applications include aerospace materials and X-ray windows due to its low density.
Boron (B):
- Atomic Number: 5
- Atomic Mass: 10.81 u
- Group: 13 (Metalloids)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Essential for plant growth; widely utilized in glass and ceramics.
Carbon (C):
- Atomic Number: 6
- Atomic Mass: 12.011 u
- Group: 14 (Nonmetals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Foundation of organic chemistry, existing in multiple allotropes like graphite and diamond.
Nitrogen (N):
- Atomic Number: 7
- Atomic Mass: 14.007 u
- Group: 15 (Nonmetals)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Comprises approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere, crucial for life.
Oxygen (O):
- Atomic Number: 8
- Atomic Mass: 15.999 u
- Group: 16 (Nonmetals)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Essential for respiration in living organisms; plays a key role in combustion reactions.
Fluorine (F):
- Atomic Number: 9
- Atomic Mass: 18.998 u
- Group: 17 (Halogens)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Recognized as the most reactive and electronegative element, widely used in toothpaste.
Neon (Ne):
- Atomic Number: 10
- Atomic Mass: 20.1797 u
- Group: 18 (Noble Gases)
- State: Gas at room temperature
- Commonly used in neon signs due to its bright emission of light when electrified.
Sodium (Na):
- Atomic Number: 11
- Atomic Mass: 22.9897 u
- Group: 1 (Alkali Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Vital for biological functions; major component of table salt (sodium chloride).
Magnesium (Mg):
- Atomic Number: 12
- Atomic Mass: 24.305 u
- Group: 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
- State: Solid at room temperature
- Crucial for photosynthesis in plants; used in creating alloys and pyrotechnics.