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Questions and Answers
What is a good conductor of heat and electric current?
What is a good conductor of heat and electric current?
Which of the following elements is a non-metal in group 7A?
Which of the following elements is a non-metal in group 7A?
What are elements whose highest s or p sub levels are partially filled called?
What are elements whose highest s or p sub levels are partially filled called?
Representative elements
What do you call an element whose highest occupied s sub level and a f sub level contains electrons?
What do you call an element whose highest occupied s sub level and a f sub level contains electrons?
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What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state called?
What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state called?
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Which group of elements has their highest occupied s and p sub levels filled?
Which group of elements has their highest occupied s and p sub levels filled?
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What is a positively charged ion called?
What is a positively charged ion called?
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What is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons when in a compound called?
What is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons when in a compound called?
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What is an element whose highest occupied s sub level and d sub level are filled called?
What is an element whose highest occupied s sub level and d sub level are filled called?
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What do we call the arrangement of elements in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number?
What do we call the arrangement of elements in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number?
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How many groups are there in the periodic table?
How many groups are there in the periodic table?
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How many periods are in the periodic table?
How many periods are in the periodic table?
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What is the term for the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron?
What is the term for the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron?
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Atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period.
Atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period.
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Alkali metals are hard and not easily cut with a knife.
Alkali metals are hard and not easily cut with a knife.
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What is the group called that contains elements characterized by the filling of f orbitals?
What is the group called that contains elements characterized by the filling of f orbitals?
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Match the following groups with their description:
Match the following groups with their description:
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Who is known for creating the periodic table?
Who is known for creating the periodic table?
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What is the lightest alkali metal?
What is the lightest alkali metal?
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What element is represented by the symbol 'Na'?
What element is represented by the symbol 'Na'?
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Which element is the only radioactive alkali metal?
Which element is the only radioactive alkali metal?
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What is the general charge of ions formed by alkaline earth metals?
What is the general charge of ions formed by alkaline earth metals?
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Study Notes
Conductors and Insulators
- Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Non-metals are poor conductors and have properties opposite to metals.
Groups and Categories
- Halogens refer to non-metals in group 7A.
- Noble gases in group 8A have full s and p sub-levels, making them the most stable elements.
- Alkali metals (group 1A) and alkaline earth metals (group 2A) are classified based on their position in the periodic table.
- Representative elements include groups 1A through 7A, characterized by their similar properties.
- Transition metals occupy the d block, while inner transition metals fill the f block.
Atomic Structure and Ionization
- Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state.
- Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.
- Electrons play a crucial role in determining the physical and chemical properties of elements.
Periodic Trends
- Atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period, while ionization energy increases.
- Electronegativity, the ability to attract electrons in a compound, generally increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom within a group.
- Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which influences their reactivity.
Historical Context
- Dmitri Mendeleev created the first periodic table and noted properties repeating in a new row when chemical properties were similar.
Reactivity of Metals
- Alkali metals are highly reactive, have one valence electron, and become more reactive down the group: francium being the most reactive and lithium the least.
- These metals can react with water to produce hydrogen gas and form strong bases.
- Beryllium is the lightest alkali metal, followed by lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.
Element Properties
- Nonmetals are typically brittle and can break easily.
- Elements like lithium are used in antidepressant medication; francium is the only radioactive alkali metal.
- Calcium is essential for humans, while barium and strontium are extracted from minerals.
Additional Characteristics
- Alkali metals are soft and can be easily cut with a knife.
- When exposed to air, alkali metals lose their luster.
- Cesium is notable for being a liquid at 30 degrees Celsius.
- Sodium is a component of table salt, while potassium is used for dietary replacements in low-sodium diets.
- Rubidium reacts violently with water, causing explosions.
Organizational Structure
- The periodic table has 18 groups and 7 periods, with each period corresponding to an energy level in an atom.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 6 on the periodic table with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as metals, halogens, and representative elements. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemistry concepts.
