Questions and Answers
What is a good conductor of heat and electric current?
Which of the following elements is a non-metal in group 7A?
What are elements whose highest s or p sub levels are partially filled called?
Representative elements
What do you call an element whose highest occupied s sub level and a f sub level contains electrons?
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What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state called?
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Which group of elements has their highest occupied s and p sub levels filled?
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What is a positively charged ion called?
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What is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons when in a compound called?
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What is an element whose highest occupied s sub level and d sub level are filled called?
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What do we call the arrangement of elements in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number?
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How many groups are there in the periodic table?
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How many periods are in the periodic table?
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What is the term for the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron?
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Atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period.
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Alkali metals are hard and not easily cut with a knife.
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What is the group called that contains elements characterized by the filling of f orbitals?
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Match the following groups with their description:
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Who is known for creating the periodic table?
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What is the lightest alkali metal?
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What element is represented by the symbol 'Na'?
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Which element is the only radioactive alkali metal?
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What is the general charge of ions formed by alkaline earth metals?
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Study Notes
Conductors and Insulators
- Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Non-metals are poor conductors and have properties opposite to metals.
Groups and Categories
- Halogens refer to non-metals in group 7A.
- Noble gases in group 8A have full s and p sub-levels, making them the most stable elements.
- Alkali metals (group 1A) and alkaline earth metals (group 2A) are classified based on their position in the periodic table.
- Representative elements include groups 1A through 7A, characterized by their similar properties.
- Transition metals occupy the d block, while inner transition metals fill the f block.
Atomic Structure and Ionization
- Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state.
- Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are negatively charged ions.
- Electrons play a crucial role in determining the physical and chemical properties of elements.
Periodic Trends
- Atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period, while ionization energy increases.
- Electronegativity, the ability to attract electrons in a compound, generally increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom within a group.
- Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which influences their reactivity.
Historical Context
- Dmitri Mendeleev created the first periodic table and noted properties repeating in a new row when chemical properties were similar.
Reactivity of Metals
- Alkali metals are highly reactive, have one valence electron, and become more reactive down the group: francium being the most reactive and lithium the least.
- These metals can react with water to produce hydrogen gas and form strong bases.
- Beryllium is the lightest alkali metal, followed by lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.
Element Properties
- Nonmetals are typically brittle and can break easily.
- Elements like lithium are used in antidepressant medication; francium is the only radioactive alkali metal.
- Calcium is essential for humans, while barium and strontium are extracted from minerals.
Additional Characteristics
- Alkali metals are soft and can be easily cut with a knife.
- When exposed to air, alkali metals lose their luster.
- Cesium is notable for being a liquid at 30 degrees Celsius.
- Sodium is a component of table salt, while potassium is used for dietary replacements in low-sodium diets.
- Rubidium reacts violently with water, causing explosions.
Organizational Structure
- The periodic table has 18 groups and 7 periods, with each period corresponding to an energy level in an atom.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 6 on the periodic table with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as metals, halogens, and representative elements. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of chemistry concepts.
