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Questions and Answers
Which of the following halogens exists in a gaseous state under standard conditions?
Which of the following halogens exists in a gaseous state under standard conditions?
What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you move down Group VII?
What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you move down Group VII?
What color does the solution turn when bromine is produced in a displacement reaction?
What color does the solution turn when bromine is produced in a displacement reaction?
In the reaction Cl2 (aq) + 2KBr (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + Br2 (aq), which statement is true?
In the reaction Cl2 (aq) + 2KBr (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + Br2 (aq), which statement is true?
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Why do halogens not conduct electricity?
Why do halogens not conduct electricity?
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What occurs to the atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
What occurs to the atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
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Which statement correctly describes a trend down a group in the periodic table?
Which statement correctly describes a trend down a group in the periodic table?
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What do vertical rows in the periodic table represent?
What do vertical rows in the periodic table represent?
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What is the characteristic of transition metals?
What is the characteristic of transition metals?
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Which group of elements are known as alkali metals?
Which group of elements are known as alkali metals?
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What happens to metallic properties as you move from left to right across a period?
What happens to metallic properties as you move from left to right across a period?
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What charge do Group I elements form when they lose their valence electrons?
What charge do Group I elements form when they lose their valence electrons?
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How does the number of electron shells change as you move down a group?
How does the number of electron shells change as you move down a group?
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What physical property of noble gases generally increases as you move down the group?
What physical property of noble gases generally increases as you move down the group?
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Which noble gas is commonly used to fill light bulbs due to its unreactive nature?
Which noble gas is commonly used to fill light bulbs due to its unreactive nature?
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What characteristic of noble gases makes them unlikely to conduct electricity?
What characteristic of noble gases makes them unlikely to conduct electricity?
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Which noble gas has the lowest melting point?
Which noble gas has the lowest melting point?
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What is the primary reason for using helium in airships and hot air balloons?
What is the primary reason for using helium in airships and hot air balloons?
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What charge do the resulting ions of alkali metals typically possess?
What charge do the resulting ions of alkali metals typically possess?
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How does the reactivity of alkali metals change as you move down the group?
How does the reactivity of alkali metals change as you move down the group?
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What physical property of halogens increases down the group?
What physical property of halogens increases down the group?
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Which of the following compounds would be formed by potassium?
Which of the following compounds would be formed by potassium?
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In which type of solutions do alkali metals typically react with water?
In which type of solutions do alkali metals typically react with water?
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What is the trend of halogen densities as you move down the group?
What is the trend of halogen densities as you move down the group?
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Which of the following alkali metals is the least reactive?
Which of the following alkali metals is the least reactive?
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Which of the following halogens is completely soluble in water?
Which of the following halogens is completely soluble in water?
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Which element is expected to have the highest melting point among the alkali metals?
Which element is expected to have the highest melting point among the alkali metals?
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Which ion would be formed when an element from Group V gains three electrons?
Which ion would be formed when an element from Group V gains three electrons?
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What trend occurs in the melting points of alkali metals as one moves down the group?
What trend occurs in the melting points of alkali metals as one moves down the group?
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Which statement accurately describes the densities of alkali metals?
Which statement accurately describes the densities of alkali metals?
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Which element will float on water based on its physical properties?
Which element will float on water based on its physical properties?
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What type of ion do non-metallic elements tend to form when they gain electrons?
What type of ion do non-metallic elements tend to form when they gain electrons?
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What charge does chlorine (Cl) form as an ion when gaining electrons?
What charge does chlorine (Cl) form as an ion when gaining electrons?
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Which of the following alkali metals has the lowest density?
Which of the following alkali metals has the lowest density?
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Study Notes
Periodic Table Trends
- Across a period (left to right): Number of protons increases, atomic radius decreases, metallic properties decrease.
- Down a group (top to bottom): Number of protons increases, number of electron shells increases, atomic radius increases, metallic properties generally remain constant.
- Transition metals are located between Group II and Group III, exhibiting variable oxidation states.
Ion Formation
- Metallic elements form cations by losing valence electrons (e.g., Na → Na⁺).
- Non-metallic elements form anions by gaining electrons (e.g., Cl → Cl⁻).
Alkali Metals (Group I)
- React with water to form alkaline solutions.
- Have low melting and boiling points; densities generally increase down the group while melting points decrease.
- Good conductors of electricity and heat.
- Reactivity increases down the group due to increased atomic radius and ease of losing valence electrons. Form ionic compounds with a +1 charge.
Halogens (Group VII)
- Low melting and boiling points which increase down the group; densities increase down the group.
- Sparingly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; do not conduct electricity.
- Reactivity decreases down the group due to increasing distance of valence shell from the nucleus.
- Undergo displacement reactions: a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive one (e.g., Cl₂ + 2KBr → 2KCl + Br₂).
Noble Gases (Group 0)
- Very low melting and boiling points, increasing down the group; densities increase down the group.
- Do not conduct electricity.
- Unreactive and inert due to a stable electronic configuration (fully filled valence shell).
- Exist as monoatomic particles.
- Applications: Helium in airships due to low density; Neon in neon lights; Argon in light bulbs due to their unreactive nature.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the trends of the periodic table and the formation of ions. Explore how properties change across periods and down groups, and understand the behavior of alkali metals and halogens. This quiz covers essential concepts in inorganic chemistry.
