The Pavlovian Legacy

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What did Ivan Pavlov study?

The basics of operant conditioning

The behavior of dogs

The connection between stimulus and response (correct)

The theory of classical conditioning

What did Pavlov discover about natural responses?

They are not connected to stimuli

They require learning to occur

They can be manipulated (correct)

They are only present in dogs

Who challenged Pavlov's findings with his theory of operant conditioning?

B.F. Skinner (correct)

A psychologist

A Nobel Prize winner

Ivan Pavlov

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be satisfied first?

Physiological needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of positive punishment in operant conditioning?

To discourage inappropriate behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of negative punishment?

Something is taken away to decrease the probability of a behavior Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive use of positive punishment lead to?

Increased aggressive behavior Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level focuses on self-improvement and realizing one's own potential?

Self-actualization needs Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the biggest issues faced by individuals in prison, according to the text?

Loss of freedom and connection to family Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for basic individual needs to be met to decrease criminal behavior?

It decreases the motivation to commit crimes Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the focus of self-actualization?

Realizing one's own potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not having basic individual needs met?

Increase in criminal behavior Signup and view all the answers

How does society's addiction to social media and technology hinder the achievement of self-actualization?

It takes people out of the present moment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of operant conditioning according to B.F. Skinner?

To look at both good and bad stimuli and reinforcements Signup and view all the answers

According to operant conditioning, a reinforcement is a stimulus that ____.

Increases the probability of a given behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between positive punishment and negative punishment?

Positive punishment involves giving something while negative punishment involves taking something away Signup and view all the answers

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be satisfied first?

Physiological needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?

To encourage good behaviors Signup and view all the answers