Questions and Answers
What structures unite to form tendons at the extremities of muscles?
Fibrous connective tissue of the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium
Which structure facilitates smooth, frictionless movement of tendons passing through bony tunnels?
Tendon sheaths
Where is the belly of the biceps muscle located?
Along the shaft of the humerus
Which type of tendon is flat and broad?
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Which structure helps relieve pressure when a muscle or tendon moves over a bony prominence?
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Where are bursa usually found?
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What occurs when a muscle contracts?
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What stabilizes a bone when another bone is pulled toward it during muscle contraction?
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Study Notes
Attachment of Muscles
- Muscles attach to bones, cartilage, or ligaments through fibrous connective tissue tendons, which vary in length from 0.5cm to 35cm
- Tendons unite the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium at the muscle extremities
- Aponeurosis is a broad, flat tendon
- Tendons may pass under ligamentous bands or through bony tunnels, encased in synovial membrane sheaths for smooth movement
- Synovial sacs called bursae relieve pressure where muscles or tendons contact bony prominences or skin moves over bone
Action of Muscles
- The belly of a muscle lies along a bone shaft, never over a joint
- Muscles are firmly attached to different bones at each end through tendons that cross a joint
- Muscle contraction exerts a pull on both bones, but one bone is stabilized by isometric contractions of other muscles, causing the other bone to move towards it
- A muscle's belly lies parallel to a bone shaft, with tendons attached to different bones, enabling movement
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