The Major Divisions of the Brain

Brain Structure and Function

• The cerebellum is responsible for balance and smooth muscle movements.
• The subarachnoid space, a meningeal space, is responsible for cushioning the brain and spinal cord by containing cerebrospinal fluid.
• The brainstem is located in the brain, connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord.

Higher Mental Functions

• The cerebrum is the major division of the brain responsible for higher mental functions such as memory and reasoning.

Meningeal Spaces

• The epidural space around the brain is filled with fat and provides a layer of protection.
• The epidural space is not normally seen unless there is an injury or swelling.
• The subdural space is located between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, around the brain.

Vital Centers

• The brainstem contains vital centers that control visceral activities, such as heart rate and breathing.

Brain Mass

• The cerebrum is the largest portion of brain mass responsible for higher mental functions such as memory and reasoning.