The Lungs and Pleural Membranes Flashcards

Study Notes

Lungs and Their Anatomy

Lungs are spongy organs located in the thoracic cavity, protected by ribs.
Composed of air passages, alveoli, blood vessels, connective tissue, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
Positioned inferior to the clavicle and superior to the diaphragm, encasing the mediastinum.

Mediastinum

The central part of the thoracic cavity where the heart is situated.

Lung Structure

Apex: Superior portion of the lungs at clavicle level.
Base: Inferior portion of the lungs resting on the diaphragm.
Right Lung: Contains three lobes.
Left Lung: Comprised of two lobes, smaller due to the heart's position.

Hilium

A depression on the lung's medial surface permitting entry and exit for bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

Pleural Membranes

Serous membranes of the thoracic cavity, consisting of:
- Parietal pleura: Lines the thoracic cavity.
- Visceral pleura: Covers the lungs.
Pleural cavity between the two membranes contains serous fluid to reduce friction during breathing.

Mechanics of Breathing

Ventilation involves inhalation (air intake into the lungs) and exhalation (air expulsion from the lungs).
External respiration: Gas exchange between alveoli air and blood in pulmonary capillaries.
Internal respiration: Gas exchange between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid.

Alveoli and Gas Exchange

Alveoli facilitate the diffusion process for O2 and CO2 exchange.
Hemoglobin in red blood cells transports oxygen to tissues and collects carbon dioxide for return to the heart through blood plasma.

Description

Test your knowledge of the lungs and pleural membranes with these informative flashcards. Each card covers essential terms and their definitions related to the respiratory system and thoracic cavity. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for exams.