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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of a broncho-pulmonary segment?
What is the main function of a broncho-pulmonary segment?
What is the number of broncho-pulmonary segments in the left lung?
What is the number of broncho-pulmonary segments in the left lung?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the right lung?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the right lung?
What is the name of the fissure that separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe in the right lung?
What is the name of the fissure that separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe in the right lung?
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What is the main difference between the right and left lungs regarding their lobes?
What is the main difference between the right and left lungs regarding their lobes?
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Which of the following paranasal sinuses is related to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Which of the following paranasal sinuses is related to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
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Is the nasopharynx a common passage of air and food?
Is the nasopharynx a common passage of air and food?
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What is the main difference between the right and left bronchi regarding their length?
What is the main difference between the right and left bronchi regarding their length?
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What is the guard of the inlet of the larynx?
What is the guard of the inlet of the larynx?
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What is the main difference between the oblique fissure and the horizontal fissure?
What is the main difference between the oblique fissure and the horizontal fissure?
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Study Notes
Parietal and Visceral Pleura
- Parietal pleura lines the chest wall
- Visceral pleura surrounds the lung
- The pleural cavity is between the two layers and contains a thin film of fluid for easy mobility of the lung
Lungs
- Each lung is a half-cone shape, taking the shape of the thoracic cavity
- Apex is the pointed upper end, projecting into the root of the neck through the thoracic inlet
- Base is the deeply concave surface, especially in the right lung due to the bulge of the liver
- Right lung is shorter and wider than the left lung
Borders of the Lungs
- Anterior border is thin and sharp
- Posterior border is rounded and blunt
- Inferior border is sharp all around the base except medially
Surfaces of the Lungs
- Costal surface is the lateral convex surface, related to the thoracic wall
- Mediastinal surface is the medial concave surface, related to the mediastinum
- Diaphragmatic surface (base) is deeply concave, especially in the right lung due to the bulge of the liver
Bronchi
- Each bronchus enters the hilum of the corresponding lung and divides into several generations of branching like a tree
- Differences between right and left bronchi:
- Right bronchus is wider and shorter (2.5 cm), dividing before entering the lung
- Left bronchus is narrower and longer (4.5 cm), dividing after entering the lung
- Right bronchus forms a 25-degree angle with the vertical, while the left bronchus forms a 45-degree angle
Mediastinum
- A thick, massive median septum between the two lungs, kept in its median position by the equal intra-thoracic pressure on either side
- Contents: heart, big vessels, trachea, oesophagus, thoracic duct, and some important nerves
- Subdivisions:
- Superior mediastinum, behind the manubrium
- Inferior mediastinum, further subdivided into:
- Middle mediastinum, containing the heart
- Anterior mediastinum, in front of the heart
- Posterior mediastinum, behind the heart
Respiratory System
- Parts of the respiratory system:
- Nasal passages
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
- Objectives of the lecture:
- List the different parts of the respiratory system
- Define the parts of nasal passages and walls of nasal cavity
- Identify length, extension, and parts of the pharynx
- Define the larynx and identify its length, extension, and structure
- Identify the length, extension, and structure of the trachea
- Differentiate between the right and left bronchi and define the branching of bronchi
- Define the mediastinum, its subdivisions, and their contents
- Define the pleura and its layers
- Define the shape, borders, surfaces, lobes, fissures, and bronchopulmonary segments of the lungs
- Differentiate between the right and left lungs
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Description
This quiz covers the structure and function of the lungs, pleural cavity, and diaphragm in the human body. Learn about the parietal and visceral layers, thoracic cavity, and more.
