The Intelligence Concepts and Theorists Quiz

Understanding Intelligence: Key Concepts and Theorists

• Apes such as chimpanzees exhibit complex problem solving and communication abilities (Kohler, 1924).
• The concept of human intelligence is a fundamental inquiry in psychology, typically referring to intellectual ability.
• Charles Spearman proposed the idea of a "general factor" of intelligence, known as "g," based on the observation of people excelling in various intellectual areas (Spearman, 1904).
• Alfred Binet pioneered the measurement of intellectual ability and developed the first "IQ test" with Theodore Simon, focused on children's intellectual capacity (Binet, 1894).
• The term "IQ" or "intelligence quotient" originates from the Binet-Simon test, representing a score derived by dividing a child’s mental age by their chronological age.
• Lewis Terman, a Stanford professor, adapted the Binet-Simon test to create the standardized Stanford-Binet test (Terman, 1916), which enabled reliable categorizations and comparisons of intelligence scores.
• Howard Gardner introduced the theory of "multiple intelligences," identifying 8 common types of intelligence, including logic-math, visual-spatial, and verbal-linguistic (Gardner, 1985).
• Emotional intelligence, emphasizing the experience and expression of emotion, includes skills such as understanding others' emotions and stress management (Mayer & Salovey, 1997).
• Emotional intelligence is associated with job performance, similar to traditional cognitive intelligence, and is linked to success in the workplace (Lopes et al., 2006).
• Interpersonal intelligence, the ability to understand and interact effectively with others, is related to success on the job and is moderately correlated with managerial and complex technical jobs (Schmidt & Hunter, 1998).
• Researcher Carol Dweck found that an individual's mindset about their intelligence predicts their performance, highlighting the importance of one's perception of their own intelligence (Dweck).