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Which theoretical approaches to international relations are addressed in this chapter?
Which theoretical approaches to international relations are addressed in this chapter?
What are some of the lasting international problems addressed by the established IR traditions?
What are some of the lasting international problems addressed by the established IR traditions?
What is the focus of this chapter regarding the evolution of thinking about international relations?
What is the focus of this chapter regarding the evolution of thinking about international relations?
Which of the following are recent alternative approaches that challenge the established traditions in IR?
Which of the following are recent alternative approaches that challenge the established traditions in IR?
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What were the three main organs of the League of Nations?
What were the three main organs of the League of Nations?
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What was the principle on which the League of Nations was based?
What was the principle on which the League of Nations was based?
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What did Article 16 of the League's Covenant allow?
What did Article 16 of the League's Covenant allow?
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What led to severe economic crisis and trade contraction in the 1930s?
What led to severe economic crisis and trade contraction in the 1930s?
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How were international relations characterized in the 1930s according to the text?
How were international relations characterized in the 1930s according to the text?
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What was E.H. Carr's critique of liberal idealism in international relations?
What was E.H. Carr's critique of liberal idealism in international relations?
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"Politics among Nations" (1948) emphasized the importance of what in international relations?
"Politics among Nations" (1948) emphasized the importance of what in international relations?
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What did Hitler and Mussolini's popular support indicate despite their aggressive foreign policies?
What did Hitler and Mussolini's popular support indicate despite their aggressive foreign policies?
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"Politics among Nations" drew on what to explain the aggressive nature of human beings and the challenges of international relations?
"Politics among Nations" drew on what to explain the aggressive nature of human beings and the challenges of international relations?
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"The League, however, lacked effective implementation due to what according to the text?"
"The League, however, lacked effective implementation due to what according to the text?"
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"The Great Depression led to what according to the text?"
"The Great Depression led to what according to the text?"
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"The League was based on what principle according to the text?"
"The League was based on what principle according to the text?"
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Which of the following is NOT a contemporary concern in International Relations?
Which of the following is NOT a contemporary concern in International Relations?
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Which theoretical tradition in International Relations emphasizes the role of power politics and the necessity of war?
Which theoretical tradition in International Relations emphasizes the role of power politics and the necessity of war?
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What was the focus of the Utopian liberalism era in International Relations?
What was the focus of the Utopian liberalism era in International Relations?
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Which academic subjects have influenced International Relations?
Which academic subjects have influenced International Relations?
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What characterizes the post-positivist alternatives in International Relations?
What characterizes the post-positivist alternatives in International Relations?
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Which historical event influenced the establishment of the Utopian liberalism era in International Relations?
Which historical event influenced the establishment of the Utopian liberalism era in International Relations?
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What is a major feature of traditional approaches in International Relations?
What is a major feature of traditional approaches in International Relations?
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How can understanding past debates in International Relations be beneficial?
How can understanding past debates in International Relations be beneficial?
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Which thinker's idea was reminiscent of Woodrow Wilson's belief in using an international organization to prevent wars?
Which thinker's idea was reminiscent of Woodrow Wilson's belief in using an international organization to prevent wars?
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According to Norman Angell's book 'The Great Illusion' (1909), why did he argue that territorial conquest is less profitable?
According to Norman Angell's book 'The Great Illusion' (1909), why did he argue that territorial conquest is less profitable?
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What was the result of modernization and interdependence, according to the text?
What was the result of modernization and interdependence, according to the text?
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What marked the end of the liberal phase as a dominant ideology in International Relations (IR)?
What marked the end of the liberal phase as a dominant ideology in International Relations (IR)?
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Which major powers did the League of Nations lack commitment from?
Which major powers did the League of Nations lack commitment from?
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Who believed that an international organization like the League of Nations could put 'dangerous beasts' of power politics in a 'zoo'?
Who believed that an international organization like the League of Nations could put 'dangerous beasts' of power politics in a 'zoo'?
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What was the main argument in Angell's book 'The Great Illusion' regarding territorial conquest?
What was the main argument in Angell's book 'The Great Illusion' regarding territorial conquest?
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What marked the end of the League of Nations' effectiveness?
What marked the end of the League of Nations' effectiveness?
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Which ideas dominated the first phase of academic International Relations (IR)?
Which ideas dominated the first phase of academic International Relations (IR)?
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'Liberal democracy faced challenges with the rise of ________ regimes.' Fill in the blank.
'Liberal democracy faced challenges with the rise of ________ regimes.' Fill in the blank.
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'Despite the challenges, liberal ideas continued to influence IR theories and practices, with later scholars building upon these early liberal ideas to develop new theories like ________.' Fill in the blank.
'Despite the challenges, liberal ideas continued to influence IR theories and practices, with later scholars building upon these early liberal ideas to develop new theories like ________.' Fill in the blank.
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Which country's military intervention decisively determined the outcome of the First World War?
Which country's military intervention decisively determined the outcome of the First World War?
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According to the text, who saw it as their mission to bring liberal democratic values to Europe and the rest of the world to prevent future wars?
According to the text, who saw it as their mission to bring liberal democratic values to Europe and the rest of the world to prevent future wars?
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In what year did the United States' military intervention occur during the First World War?
In what year did the United States' military intervention occur during the First World War?
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According to liberal idealists, what traditional methods of preventing war are considered insufficient?
According to liberal idealists, what traditional methods of preventing war are considered insufficient?
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Who formulated a fourteen-point programme and influenced the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?
Who formulated a fourteen-point programme and influenced the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?
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According to the text, which two countries developed Academic International Relations (IR) first and most strongly?
According to the text, which two countries developed Academic International Relations (IR) first and most strongly?
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What did Woodrow Wilson's vision aim to make the world?
What did Woodrow Wilson's vision aim to make the world?
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According to liberal thinkers, what should be reformed to avoid major disasters in the future?
According to liberal thinkers, what should be reformed to avoid major disasters in the future?
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What did Wilson's programme emphasize in relation to promotion?
What did Wilson's programme emphasize in relation to promotion?
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What did liberal idealism hold was possible through a rational international organization?
What did liberal idealism hold was possible through a rational international organization?
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What do liberal idealists argue are insufficient in preventing war according to the text?
What do liberal idealists argue are insufficient in preventing war according to the text?
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Study Notes
- The First World War was attributed to the egoistic and short-sighted calculations and miscalculations of autocratic leaders in heavily militarized countries, particularly Germany and Austria.
- Autocratic leaders, under pressure from their generals, made fatal decisions that led their countries into war.
- Woodrow Wilson, a university professor of political science and the US president during the war, saw it as his mission to bring liberal democratic values to Europe and the rest of the world to prevent future wars.
- The United States' military intervention in 1917 decisively determined the outcome of the war, with victory for the democratic allies and defeat for the autocratic central powers.
- Academic International Relations (IR) developed first and most strongly in the liberal-democratic states, the United States and Great Britain.
- Liberal thinkers had ideas and beliefs about how to avoid major disasters in the future, such as reforming the international system and domestic structures of autocratic countries.
- In the aftermath of the First World War, Wilson's vision of making the world "safe for democracy" had wide appeal.
- Wilson's ideas were formulated in a fourteen-point programme and influenced the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, which tried to institute a new international order based on liberal ideas.
- Wilson's programme emphasized the promotion of democracy and self-determination and the creation of an international organization to put relations between states on a firmer institutional foundation.
- Liberal idealism holds that through a rational and intelligently designed international organization, it should be possible to put an end to war and achieve permanent peace.
- Liberal idealists argue that traditional methods of preventing war, such as alliances and balances of power, are insufficient and that international institutions can tame states and statespeople.
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Description
Explore the impact of liberal ideas on the causes and persistence of the First World War, and how the new discipline of International Relations analyzed the conflict. Delve into the role of egoistic and short-sighted calculations of autocratic leaders in the war.
