The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

• Transition from agrarian & handicraft economies to industrialized, machine-based manufacturing
• Marked by economic transformation and technological advancements
• Introduced new lifestyles and work methods
• Began in 18th century Britain (1760-1840)
• 20th century start in China and India
• The United States and Western Europe initiated the second industrial revolution in the late 19th century

First Industrial Revolution (1760-1830): Mechanical Production

• Focused on steam and water power
• Key resources included iron, coal, and textiles
• Coal mining, along with the invention of steam engines led to more energy & sped up railroad manufacturing
• Steam engines used to pump water from mines
• Water and steam-powered machines increased worker efficiency

Inventions During the Industrial Revolution

• 1712: Thomas Newcomen invented the first productive steam engine
• 1733: James Kay's "Flying Shuttle" revolutionized weaving
• 1755: Professor William Cullen created the small refrigerator machine at the University of Glasgow
• 1764: James Hargreaves invented the "Spinning Jenny" to produce multiple spools of thread simultaneously
• 1769: James Watt improves steam engine with separated condenser
• 1779: Samuel Crompton created the "Spinning Mule," combining spinning and weaving
• 1785: Edmund Cartwright's "Power Loom" replaced the flying shuttle
• 1793: Eli Whitney's "Cotton Gin" increases cotton production
• 1801: Richard Trevithick's "Puffing Devil" or "Puffer," the first steam-powered locomotive, was created
• 1802: Thomas Moore, an American farmer, invented the wooden ice box
• 1804: Oliver Evans invented “Oruktor Amphibilos” or “Amphibious Digger,” an amphibious steam-powered wagon

Second Industrial Revolution (1850-1914): Mass Production

• Relied on electricity, gas, and oil
• Included electrification and mass production assembly lines
• Industries exploited natural & synthetic resources (lighter metals, rare earths, new alloys, plastics)
• Developments in machines, tools, and computers led to the creation of automated factories
• Steel demands, chemical synthesis and new communication methods such as telegraph and telephone were developed
• Considered significant due to the inventions of the automobile and the plane in the early 20th century

Inventions During the Second Industrial Revolution

• 1835: Jacob Perkins builds the first compression refrigeration cycle, expanding on Oliver Evan's idea
• 1846: Elias Howe invented the sewing machine
• 1851: John Gorrie invented the mechanical refrigeration system machine
• 1854: James Harrison invented the first commercial ice machine
• 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
• 1877: First public demonstration of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell
• 1879: Thomas Edison invented the first practical incandescent light bulb
• 1903: The Wright Brothers invented the first successful airplane
• 1908: Ford produced the Model T Automobile
• Fred Wolf invented Domelre (Domestic Electric Refrigerator), the first commercially viable electric refrigerator

Third Industrial Revolution (1969-2009): Digital Revolution

• Included digital revolution, development of nuclear energy, electronics, telecommunications, and computers
• Opened up space expeditions and advancements in biotechnology
• Included Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Robots, leading to high-level automation

Inventions and Developments During the Third Industrial Revolution

• 1969: ARPANET developed many of the protocols used for internet communications

• 1972: Japanese Waseda University created the WABOT-1, the world's first full-scale intelligent humanoid robot

• 1973: Ethernet was the first system for the transmission of information between computer systems

• 1974: ARPANET’s commercial version Telenet was introduced as the first Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• 1983: Ethernet was standardized, the Domain Name System (DNS) was established

• 1984: William Gibson coined the term ‘Cyberspace’

• 1986: Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are linked to Personal Computers

• 1989: Tim Berners-Lee introduced the HTML language and World Wide Web

  • Berners-Lee was a scientist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
  • CERN is the European Council For Nuclear Research

• 1990: John Romkey created the first IoT Device which was a toaster which could turn on/off via the Internet

• 1991: Tim Berners-Lee created the first webpage

• 1992: Audio and video were distributed over the internet, connectivity for PLCs was introduced

• 1993: The White House and UN go online

• 1995: Amazon, Craigslist and eBay went live, transforming internet into a commercial enterprise

• 1997: Prevalent use of wireless M2M

• 1998: Google search engine was created, and ethernet was popularized in industrial environments

• 1999: Kevin Ashton coined the term "Internet of Things"

Fourth Industrial Revolution (2010-Present): Cyber Physical Systems

• Involves physical, digital, and biological spheres
• Marked by digitalization, digital transformations, personal connected devices, data analytics, AI, automation, and Industrial IoT
• Introduced IT standards to industrial automation, shrinking devices, collaborating IT and OT operations, and transforming business models
• Boundaries are challenged in this era, with technologies like Cloud, Big Data Analytics, and IoT enabling advanced communication

Milestones of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

• Large scale digitalization, emergence of IoT Networks and IioT
• Machine learning, AI, predictive analyses, & maintenance in industrial settings
• Big data and cloud computing technologies and advanced robotics

Events During the Fourth Industrial Revolution

• 2000: Yahoo! and eBay were hit by a large scale DDoS attack
• 2002: Cloud technology launched by Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• 2004: The social media era began with Facebook
• 2005: Roger Mougalas coined the term "Big Data"
• 2006: AOL changed its business model, offering most services for free and relying on advertising
• 2008: IPSO Alliance was launched to promote use of internet protocol in networks, Blockchain and cryptocurrency were introduced
• 2008-2009: IoT was marked when more things were connected to the internet, according to CISCO
• 2010: Sensors became cheaper, smartphones and PCs were popularized, and the number of connected devices per person exceeded one
• 2011: "Bring your own device" (BYOD) became mainstream
• 2013: 51% of US adults reported using online banking
• 2016: Emergence of google assistant, chatbots and IIot vision
• 2018: 55% of the world population was reported to use the internet

Lesson 1: General Overview of the Industrial Revolutions

• Technological advancements transforming society
• Progression from agrarian/handicraft economies to industrialized manufacturing
• 1st indus rev- extraction of coal, invention of steam engine, manuf. of railroads

List of Inventions by Era

• 1st mechanical production- steam water 1784= power loom
• 2nd mass production- electricity 1870= 1st assembly line
• 3rd digital- IT, electronics 1969= 1st programmable logic controllers
• 4th cyber physical systems- phy, digi, biological, today= robots learning from humans

Lesson 2: Scientific Revolution Background

• Period of enlightenment with transformations
• Fields of math, physics, astronomy, biology, & chemistry transforms views of society

Charles Darwin

• Theory of evolution
• Published (The Origin of Species) book provided evidence of species evolving over time
• Wrote (The Descent of Man)- Introduced idea all organic life and human beings are evolutionary

Nicolaus Copernicus

• Renaissance man
• Created a book (De revolutionibus orbium coelestium)- Stating the sun is in the center of the universe

Sigmund Freud

• Psychology field
• Studied human's inner life, psychoanalysis with orthodox methods
• Effective treatments

Early Science

• Maya Civilization*
• Lasted 2,000 years
• Skilled in astronomy
• Measured time with 2 calendar systems

Development of Science in Asia

• Asia overall
  • In field of science and tech
• India
  • Iron and steel creation
  • Math equations
• China
  • Medicine discoveries - acupuncture
  • Tool inventions- Compass
  • Seismology
  • Astronomy

Science & Technology in the Philippines

• Originated before the country gained independence from the Americas
• Influenced by the Spanish, mainly in schools for specific disciplines
• Embedded in the way of life through farming and animal care
• Technology was used for building and development of tools
• Americans provided influence through engineering, public hospitals, the University of the Philippines, and transportation
• Focuses on nature, studies and science

NCRP Policy Recommendations (Padilla-Concepcion)

• Social sciences, humanities, education, international policies and governance
  • Integrating ASEAN awareness in school systems and emphasizing a native language approach
• Physics, engineering and industrial research, earth and space sciences, and mathematics
  • Reviewing grants for science workers’ advancements in education
• Medical, chemical, pharmaceutical sciences
  • Compliance of drug manufacturing firms

Other Existing Programs Supported by the Philippine Government (DOST)

• Scholarships and branches of science high schools set up
• Creating science and technology parks
• Having Filipino scientists abroad conduct aid at home
• Development of new academic campuses and government programs

Other programs

• Use of safe energy
• Harnessing mineral resources
• Find cures
• Help climate change
• Produce food and preserve nature

Famous Filipino Scientists

• Ramon Cabanos Barba- tissue culture with mangos
• Josefino Cacas Comiso- Antarctica satellite images
• Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz​- educator & graph theory

Factors that Influence

• Real life content
• Interest of science and school and teacher
• School/ life environment
• All have a correlation

Indigenous Science & Tech

• Indigenous knowledge system- knowledge shaping values with connections to culture
• Predicting weather
• There are various values and knowledge