The Impact of Feminisation on Education: Gender Gap and Literacy

The 'Gender gap' is the result of poor literacy amongst males.

Because it is generally mothers who read with their children.

Girls are socialised to talk and discuss, which increases their vocabulary.

<p>There has been a decline in male employment opportunities, leading to an 'identity crisis'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replace coursework with exams and emphasize outdoor education in the curriculum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a lack of 'real' men role models, especially in primary schools where women dominate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limits their ability to express ideas coherently and affects their language code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a belief that they will not get a 'proper job', resulting in low self-esteem and motivation to get grades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wiener</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glass Ceiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genderisation of subjects and career options</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved rights and raised self-esteem/motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Girls have become extremely ambitious and aim for 'high professions' such as Doctors and Solicitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bedroom Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pay Gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quiet, reading, and submissive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More lone parents, duel earning families, and the growth of the Service Sector/Economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminised career opportunities such as in Health Care, Hospitality, Teaching, Clerical, and Childcare professions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has opened up more opportunities for girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has encouraged girls to see their future as more than just housewives and mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independence is highly regarded in order to gain recognition and status</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a central tenant to girls' identity and necessary for achieving independence and self-sufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirations to get certain jobs push girls to do well in education in order to achieve those career goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharp's use of interviews may have limitations, which need to be evaluated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of an anti-school subculture among boys, leading to poor educational achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Manual working class jobs that require few or no qualifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they have little prospect of getting a proper job, which undermines their motivation and self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working class girls tend to have more gender-stereotyped aspirations and expect to go into traditional low-paid women's work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline of the nuclear family has led to an anti-school subculture among boys, resulting in poor educational achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is unlikely to have a significant impact, as these jobs require few or no qualifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Girls from different social classes have different aspirations and expectations, shaped by their social class background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender role socialization is a process of learning the behavior expected of males and females in society. It influences subject choice by shaping different tastes in reading, leading boys to prefer science subjects and girls to prefer subjects like English.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys tend to read hobby books and information texts, while girls are more likely to read stories about people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kelly argues that science is seen as a boys' subject because science teachers are more likely to be men, examples used to teach concepts often draw on boys' interests, and boys dominate science lessons and monopolize apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the dominance of a heterosexual masculine identity, which is reinforced by pupils' experiences in school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only 2 in 100 girls opt for vehicle maintenance and repair apprenticeships, while the proportion of boys opting for this is not specified in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys' dominance in science lessons reinforces the perception of science as a boys' subject, as they monopolize the apparatus and dominate the lessons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The examples used in science lessons often draw on boys' interests, which can contribute to the perception of science as a boys' subject.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teachers, who are more likely to be men in science subjects, contribute to the perception of science as a boys' subject.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender role socialization influences the development of gender identities by shaping different tastes and interests in boys and girls, which can affect their subject choices and educational experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only 1 in 100 boys opt for childcare apprenticeships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>47% of girls, 42% of boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 7-17 percentage points</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.5 times more likely</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Girls do better, but the gap is much narrower</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 10 percentage points</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gap has steadily widened</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A higher proportion of girls stay on</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline of the nuclear family</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the decline of manual working-class jobs would lead to boys having little prospect of getting a proper job, thus undermining their motivation and self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introduction of GCSE and coursework</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing their motivation and self-esteem, leading to a lack of effort to obtain qualifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the decline of manual working-class jobs has little impact on boys' motivation to obtain qualifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The system of assessment, specifically the introduction of GCSE and coursework</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coursework has some influence, but it is unlikely to be the only cause of the gender gap because exams have much more influence than coursework in final grades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By leading to the development of an anti-school subculture among boys, resulting in poor educational achievement, while girls are more likely to achieve due to the absence of this subculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the decline of manual working-class jobs has little impact on boys' motivation to obtain qualifications, and that other factors are more significant contributors to boys' underachievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The view that small improvements inside and outside schools have resulted in an increase in educational achievement amongst females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys are less attractive to schools because they are more likely to suffer from behavioural problems and are four times more likely to be excluded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not consider the fact that boys can still be seen to dominate lessons and take up more of the teachers' time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys are more concerned than girls about being labelled as 'swots' because it is a threat to their masculinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perhaps girls are underachieving in school, but not in relation to boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys are less attractive to schools due to their behavioural problems and likelihood of exclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small improvements inside and outside schools have resulted in an increase in educational achievement amongst females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-achieving girls are more attractive to schools, which in turn creates a self-fulfilling prophecy where they are more likely to do well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The education system does not nurture masculine traits, instead celebrating qualities associated with girls, leading to boys feeling under-valued and underachieving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working-class boys are likely to be harassed and labelled as 'sissies' if they appear to be swots, leading to a rejection of school work to avoid being called 'gay'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prophecy creates a cycle where high-achieving girls are more likely to be accepted into good schools, which in turn reinforces their high achievement and exacerbates the gap between girls and boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The construction of masculinity in working-class cultures equates masculinity with being tough and doing manual work, leading to a rejection of non-manual work and school work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The education system prioritizes feminine traits, leading to boys feeling under-valued and disconnected from the education system, which in turn contributes to the achievement gap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growth of 'laddish subcultures' leads to a rejection of academic work and a devaluation of educational achievement in favor of traditional masculine norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The factors, including the introduction of league tables, the 'feminisation of education', and the growth of 'laddish subcultures', all contribute to a cultural and systemic devaluation of boys' academic achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gay</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The male gaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys are praised, while girls are called 'slags'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teachers tell boys off for 'behaving like girls' in the classroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Girls opt for typically feminine subjects, while boys opt for typically masculine subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is difficult to observe the process of making subject choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reinforces dominant masculine identities and perpetuates gender inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They discipline boys for 'behaving like girls' and create a gender-segregated environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reinforcement of gender identities leads to gender-segregated subject choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the ways in which dominant gender identities are reinforced and perpetuated in schools</p> Signup and view all the answers