The Immune System and Cancer Treatment Quiz 19.5
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

  • Benign tumors grow faster than malignant tumors
  • Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body, while benign tumors cannot (correct)
  • Benign tumors are cancerous, while malignant tumors are not
  • Malignant tumors are easier to treat than benign tumors

What is the goal of newer cancer therapies that enlist the patient's immune system?

  • To harm normal cells
  • To target cancer cells specifically (correct)
  • To induce cell proliferation
  • To prevent the spread of cancer to other parts of the body

What is the role of TH1 cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

  • They release cytokines that can activate natural killer cells (correct)
  • They suppress the immune response against cancer cells
  • They promote cell proliferation in cancer cells
  • They differentiate into naïve helper T cells

What is the main difference between preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>Preventive vaccines target viral infections, while therapeutic vaccines exploit tumor-specific antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sipuleucel-T (Provenge)?

<p>A therapeutic cancer vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do malignant tumors tend to affect the immune response?

<p>They actively suppress the immune response in various ways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor antigens in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>They stimulate naïve helper T cells to become activated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or Imlygic)?

<p>A therapeutic cancer vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body, while benign tumors cannot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of newer cancer therapies that enlist the patient's immune system?

<p>To target cancer cells specifically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH1 cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>They release cytokines that can activate natural killer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>Preventive vaccines target viral infections, while therapeutic vaccines exploit tumor-specific antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sipuleucel-T (Provenge)?

<p>A therapeutic cancer vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do malignant tumors tend to affect the immune response?

<p>They actively suppress the immune response in various ways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor antigens in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>They stimulate naïve helper T cells to become activated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or Imlygic)?

<p>A therapeutic cancer vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer vaccine is designed to target viral infections that can lead to cancer?

<p>Preventive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of newer cancer therapies?

<p>To enlist the patient's immune system to target cancer cells specifically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine and what cancer does it treat?

<p>sipuleucel-T (Provenge), prostate cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune cells can be activated by cytokines released by TH1 cells?

<p>Natural killer (NK) cells and activated cytotoxic T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?

<p>A benign tumor does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body, while a malignant tumor can spread and invade other tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor antigens in activating the immune system?

<p>They stimulate naïve helper T cells to become activated and differentiate into TH1 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why malignant tumors tend to suppress the immune response?

<p>To prevent the immune system from recognizing and attacking cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>To stimulate the immune system to selectively attack cancer cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Malignant tumors are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body, while benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of newer cancer therapies that enlist the patient's immune system?

<p>To target cancer cells specifically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH1 cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>TH1 cells release cytokines that can activate natural killer (NK) cells and enhance the killing of activated cytotoxic T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do malignant tumors tend to affect the immune response?

<p>Malignant tumors tend to actively suppress the immune response in various ways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>Preventive cancer vaccines target viral infections that lead to cancer, while therapeutic cancer vaccines exploit tumor-specific antigens to selectively attack cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sipuleucel-T (Provenge)?

<p>A type of therapeutic cancer vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or Imlygic)?

<p>A type of therapeutic cancer vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>To directly attack cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cell-mediated immune responses do in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>They can be directed against cancer cells, which do not have the normal complement of self-proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of experimental therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>To stimulate the immune system to selectively attack cancer cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cytokines in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>To activate natural killer (NK) cells and enhance the killing of activated cytotoxic T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant tumors can metastasize. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells in addition to cancer cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of newer cancer therapies that enlist the patient's immune system?

<p>To enlist the patient's immune system to specifically target cancer cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor antigens in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>To enhance the killing of activated cytotoxic T cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>Preventive cancer vaccines target viral infections that are known to lead to cancer, while therapeutic cancer vaccines stimulate the immune system to selectively attack cancer cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sipuleucel-T (Provenge)?

<p>A therapeutic cancer vaccine for prostate cancer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way in which malignant tumors tend to suppress the immune response?

<p>By inhibiting the activation of T cells and other immune cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of TH1 cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>To enhance the killing of activated cytotoxic T cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or Imlygic)?

<p>A therapeutic cancer vaccine for melanoma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of cell-mediated immune responses against cancer cells?

<p>To selectively attack cancer cells using the patient's immune system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of most therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>They are still in the experimental stage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of most preventive cancer vaccines?

<p>To prevent cancer from developing in the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body, while benign tumors cannot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of newer cancer therapies that enlist the patient's immune system?

<p>To specifically target cancer cells without harming normal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor antigens in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>They stimulate naïve helper T cells to become activated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do malignant tumors tend to affect the immune response?

<p>They prevent the immune system from attacking cancer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>Preventive vaccines are given to healthy individuals to prevent cancer, while therapeutic vaccines are given to individuals with cancer to treat it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine for certain cases of prostate cancer?

<p>Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine for treatment of melanoma?

<p>Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or Imlygic) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way that newer cancer therapies attempt to target cancer cells specifically?

<p>By enlisting the patient's immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH1 cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>They stimulate naïve helper T cells to become activated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>They are still in the experimental stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of preventive cancer vaccines?

<p>They only target viral infections that lead to cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Benign tumors are not cancerous and do not spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of newer cancer therapies that enlist the patient's immune system?

<p>To target cancer cells specifically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH1 cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>To release cytokines that can activate natural killer (NK) cells and enhance the killing of activated cytotoxic T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>Preventive cancer vaccines target viral infections that are known to lead to cancer, while therapeutic cancer vaccines exploit tumor-specific antigens to stimulate the immune system to selectively attack cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sipuleucel-T (Provenge)?

<p>The first FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine used to treat certain cases of prostate cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do malignant tumors tend to affect the immune response?

<p>By actively suppressing the immune response in various ways, which is still not fully understood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor antigens in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>To stimulate naïve helper T cells to become activated and differentiate into TH1cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or Imlygic)?

<p>Another therapeutic cancer vaccine approved by the FDA in 2015 for treatment of melanoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses?

<p>Cell-mediated immune responses involve the activation of T cells, while antibody-mediated immune responses involve the production of antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a virus and a tumor antigen?

<p>A virus is a foreign substance that invades the body, while a tumor antigen is a protein made by cancer cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a preventive cancer vaccine and a therapeutic cancer vaccine?

<p>A preventive cancer vaccine exploits tumor-specific antigens to stimulate the immune system to selectively attack cancer cells, while a therapeutic cancer vaccine targets viral infections that are known to lead to cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between benign and malignant tumors?

<p>Benign tumors are non-cancerous while malignant tumors are cancerous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of traditional cancer treatment using radiation and/or chemotherapy?

<p>It can harm normal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor antigens in the immune response against cancer cells?

<p>To stimulate the differentiation of TH1 cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of newer cancer therapies that enlist the patient's immune system?

<p>To selectively target and kill cancer cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between preventive and therapeutic cancer vaccines?

<p>Preventive vaccines are used to prevent cancer while therapeutic vaccines are used after cancer has already developed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine?

<p>Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way in which malignant tumors tend to suppress the immune response?

<p>By actively suppressing the immune response in various ways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of cancer targeted by most preventive cancer vaccines?

<p>Viral infections known to lead to cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of cancer targeted by sipuleucel-T (Provenge)?

<p>Prostate cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of cancer targeted by talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or Imlygic)?

<p>Melanoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism by which TH1 cells enhance the killing of activated cytotoxic T cells?

<p>By releasing cytokines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using traditional cancer treatment alone to treat cancer?

<p>It can harm normal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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