The Immune System and Pathogen Defense Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of pathogenicity?

The enhanced ability of microbes to attach to host tissues

The actual damage or injury that impairs host function

The process of a microorganism establishing in a host

The ability of a parasite to inflict damage on the host (correct)

What are adhesins in the context of microbial infection?

Host receptors on the surface of pathogens

Microbes that attach to host tissues

Receptors on pathogen’s surface that enable it to bind to host cells (correct)

Molecules on the pathogen and host tissues that cause disease

How do pathogens typically gain access to host tissues?

By forming biofilms and adhering to the host via the biofilm

Via interactions between molecules on the pathogen and host tissues

Through mucous membranes, skin surface, or puncture wounds (correct)

Through the process of pathogenicity

What is the primary function of adherence in microbial infection?

Enhanced ability of microbes to attach to host tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common pathogen-associated molecular pattern?

Lipopolysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Toll-like receptors?

Recognize and interact with specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NFκB in phagocyte signal transduction?

Activates transcription factors in response to the activation signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of systemic inflammation?

Spread of inflammation throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Complement C5a in the alternative pathway of complement activation?

Binding to the target and forming the membrane attack complex, resulting in cell lysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of natural killer cells when encountering a cell with stress proteins and without MHC I proteins?

Activating and destroying the target by producing granzyme and perforin Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of interferons produced by virally infected cells?

Serving as a warning system and preventing viral replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the specificity of B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity?

Producing antibodies that interact and protect against extracellular antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T lymphocytes (T cells) in adaptive immunity?

Displaying antigen-specific receptors on their surface to defend against intracellular pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for the adherence of bacteria to host tissues?

Fimbriae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bacterial capsules in pathogenicity?

Adherence and protection Signup and view all the answers

Which component of saliva provides an attachment site for bacteria on tooth surfaces?

Glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What does virulence refer to in the context of pathogens?

The relative ability to cause disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of exotoxin?

Endotoxins Signup and view all the answers

Which virulence factor affects the localized nature of infections and invasion of deeper tissues?

Coagulase Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin inhibits muscle contraction by cleaving proteins involved in acetylcholine release?

Botulinum toxin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves lymphocytes and antibodies?

Adaptive immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for recognizing and destroying pathogens in innate immunity?

Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

Which system transports immune system cells and proteins to various tissues and organs?

Blood and lymph circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the differentiation of blood stem cells into different blood cells influenced by?

Cytokines and chemokines Signup and view all the answers

Which harmless microbes limit nutrients and sites for infection, preventing pathogen invasion?

Competitive exclusion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune System and Pathogen Defense

Routes of infection are crucial for different diseases; e.g., tetanus is in deep wounds while Salmonella is ingested
Competitive exclusion: harmless microbes limit nutrients and sites for infection, preventing pathogen invasion
Physical and chemical barriers to infection include tight junctions, mucous layers, cilia, stomach acid, and skin composition
Blood and lymph circulation transport immune system cells and proteins to various tissues and organs
Lymphatic system drains lymph from tissues into lymph nodes containing high concentrations of immune system cells
Leukocytes and solutes pass from blood to the lymphatic system in capillary beds
Whole blood comprises plasma and cells with major cell types being erythrocytes, leukocytes, and lymphocytes
Hematopoiesis is the differentiation of blood stem cells into different blood cells influenced by cytokines and chemokines
Myeloid cells include antigen-presenting cells, T-lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
Lymphoid stem cells produce T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells for innate and adaptive immunity
Phagocytes, such as neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, recognize and destroy pathogens in innate immunity
Tissue damage leads to the recruitment of phagocytes to the site of injury through the release of cytokines and chemokines

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Description

Test your knowledge of the immune system and pathogen defense with this quiz. Explore topics such as routes of infection, physical and chemical barriers, blood and lymph circulation, leukocytes, hematopoiesis, myeloid and lymphoid cells, and innate immunity.