ENV Science Midterm questions

Water bodies downstream are deprived of their source of water, leading to declining lake levels and affecting fish and other wildlife populations.

To remove large particles via filtration.

Water diversion.

<p>It can ruin water supplies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in wastewater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause water tables to be lowered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evapotranspiration is the process of plants giving off water, and it is an important part of the hydrologic cycle as it helps to recycle water back into the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Runoff is surface water that moves across the surface of the land and enters streams and rivers, contributing to the hydrologic cycle by flowing into bodies of water and eventually evaporating back into the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An aquifer is an underground layer of gravel, sand, or permeable rock that holds groundwater, and it is recharged by rainfall and percolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unconfined aquifer is usually near the land's surface, with the water table as its upper boundary, whereas a confined aquifer is bounded on top and bottom by layers impermeable to water, with water stored under high pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Porosity is a measure of the size and number of spaces in the substrate, and it is important in the context of groundwater as it affects the storage and flow of water in aquifers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vadose zone, or zone of aeration, is the area above the water table unsaturated with water, and it is dependent on the level of the water table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial solvents, weed killers, refrigerants, and percholate (rocket fuel component)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because as long as water is seen as a limitless and inexpensive resource, few conservation measures will be taken.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Setting quotas on water use enforced by higher prices for larger users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A program modeled after the Energy STAR program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical losses of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As high as 20%; these losses contribute to water scarcity and increased costs of distribution and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potable water is unpolluted fresh water, suitable for drinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is a simple molecule consisting of one oxygen atom bonded to two different hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>between 5 and 10 million deaths occur each year from water-related</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cholera, malaria, dengue fever, and dysentery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>97% of all the Earth’s water is found in oceans. 3% is freshwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>underground water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the process of plants giving off water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>surface water that moves across the surface of the land and enters streams and rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>is water that fills spaces in the substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>an underground layer of gravel, sand, or permeable rock that holds groundwater that can be extracted by wells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>aquifer that is usually near the lands surface. The water in these aquifers is at atmospheric pressure and is recharged by rainfall and percolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(zone of aeration) is the area above the water table unsaturated with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>is bounded on top and bottom by layers impermeable to water. Water in these aquifers is stored under high pressure and recharged by rain and surface water from a geologic recharge zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An impervious confining layer is called an aquiclude. A permeable confining layer is called an aquitard</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If trends continue 1.8 billion people will have a water scarcity by 2025, and 2/3 of the world’s populations could suffer water stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>in the developed world losses may be as high as 20%. Poorer countries may lose over 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>surface/flood, spray, trickle, sub-Irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial water use accounts for nearly 50% of all water withdrawal in U.S., 75% in Canada, and 23% worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>seeks to protect U.S. waters from pollution. Setting water quality standards for surface water. Limiting effluent discharges into the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In-stream water use makes use of water in its channels and basins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>is the amount of oxygen required to decay a certain amount of organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>all available oxygen will be used up</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eutrophication is excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants due to added nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A point source is a source of pollution readily located and identified while Nonpoint sources are more difficult to identify and control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waste from homes consists primarily of organic matter from garbage, food preparation, cleaning of clothes and dishes, and human waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>occurs when industry withdraws water from a source, uses it for cooling purposes, and returns heated water to its original source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large, shallow cooling ponds, Cooling towers, Dry Towers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the deep water horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>42 million liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>water supply for human and industrial needs, wastewater collection and treatment, storm water collection and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water diversion is the process of transferring water from one area to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>water bodies downstream are deprived of their source of water. Lake levels decline, affecting fish and other wildlife populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflow, preliminary, primary, secondary, water recycling &amp; disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>removes large particles via filtration and then pumps remaining water into settling ponds and lakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>is a biological process that usually follows primary treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>an increase in salinity caused by growing salt concentrations in soil. As plants extract water from the ground, the salts present in all natural waters become concentrated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groundwater mining is removing water from an aquifer faster than it can be replenished. Extended periods of mining can lead to Land settling, lowering of the water table, Saltwater intrusion into wells near coastal areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ras Al Khor Wildlife Sanctuary became the first UAE wetland listed by Ramsar as a site of international importance in 2007.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>since the 1970's</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>where the natural water supply is well below the water demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>by desalinating sea water and brackish groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>National Strategy for Preservation of Water Resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it is composed of 78.1% Nitrogen, and 20.9% oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>argon, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it is held by the pull of earths gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>air pollution is the presence of toxic chemicals or compounds in the air, at levels that pose a health risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 Million deaths annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A primary pollutant is an air pollutant emitted directly from a source, while a secondary pollutant is not directly emitted as such but forms when other pollutants (primary) react in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon monoxide, Volatile organic compounds, Particulate matter, Sulfur dioxide, Oxides of nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Particulate matter, Carbon monoxide, and Lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hazardous air pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>comes from burning coal and oil, and smelting metals and other industrial processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanos</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>particulate matter is any solid particles or liquid droplets that are small enough to stay suspended in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>are construction, forest fires, volcanoes, and tobacco smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leaded gas, leaded paint, metal processing, and waste incineration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Car exhaust, and coal burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete combustion of fuels , automobile emissions, electricity generation, industrial process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial processes, car exhaust, and certain plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>irritate the respiratory system irritate the nose and throat and when it reacts with the atmosphere it forms sulfuric acid, which creates acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>can get into your respiratory system and aggravate it and sometimes even damage it and the smaller the particulate the more dangerous it is because it can get deeper into the lung tissue and damage the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>can cause mental retardation, blindness, and partial paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>irritates the respiratory system can aggravate asthma and other breathing problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gets into your blood and it impairs hemoglobin’s ability to carry oxygen to your cells, so your cells die of lack of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they can cause cancer, immune system damage, even blood disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dangerous man-made chemical compounds that can cause harm to human health or damage the environment purposely or accidentally released in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pesticides, Benzene, gasoline, and some consumer products such as glues and cleaners</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>released from dry cleaning establishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical and petroleum industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can create nitric acid and sulfuric acid. These lead to acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tropospheric ozone is the bad zone due to being formed from the reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratosphere is the good ozone, due to it protecting us from damaging UV rays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the mixture of pollutants, with secondary air pollutants being invovled in its creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>forms from the interaction of nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, and volatile organic compounds with sunlight in a warm environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN) and aldehydes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrates (Pan)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>three oxygen atoms bonded to one another (O3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>burning of fuel in vehicles and industrial processes producing nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds. Sunlight and warm temperatures are important to support the chemical reactions involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cities with warm climates and lots of sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>when warm air becomes sandwiched between two layers of cold air and acts like a lid on a valley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>warm air cannot rise, causing smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the accumulation of potential acid-forming particles on a surface. commonly referred to as acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetation, volcanoes, lightning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burning of coal and use of the internal combustion engine produces molecules that forms acids in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>structures, terrestrial ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1985, the area was called the ozone hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Montreal Protocol, was an international treaty established in 1988.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>limited production of chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and halon (used in fire extinguishers), and called for CFC&quot;S to be reeduced by 50% by 2000. Ultimately all production was stopped</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>compounds that release chlorine atoms which can lead to the destruction of ozone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it takes 10 to 20 years for it to reach and remains for up to 120 years iin the stratopshere and ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>from 1980-1985</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clean Air Act of 1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental Protection Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placing controls on the emissions from motor vehicles, control of the release of nitrogen oxides which are technical and expensive, and setting limits and allowing electric utilities to decide which options are the best for them (energy star)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Industries required to obtain permits to release materials into air</li> <li>new/existing sources of air pollution subject to national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)</li> <li>Power plants allowed to sell their sulfur dioxide release permits to other companies.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asbestos, Formaldehyde (in many consumer products), Radon, VOC's, Carbon monoxide, Lead based paint in older homes, Particulate matter from burning material, and mold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>exposure to environmental tobacco smoke as a result of living and working in places where people smoke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inert radioactive gas with a half life of 3.8 days. It is formed as a byporduct of uranium-238 decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased incidence of lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Usually diffuses up through rocks and soil and escapes harmlessly into the atmosphere, can also diffuse into groundwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>The Bear Glacier retreated over 6 kilometers between 2012 and 2019 and has continued to retreat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Earrths distance from the sun</li> <li>Changes in the energy output of the sun</li> <li>The presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>about an 11 year cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases that allow sunlight to penetrate the atmosphere, and can absorb the sunlight's heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the warming that occurs because of the presence of greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The greenhouse effect caused by the presence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere makes the earth suitable for life, because without it, it would be freezing -18 celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation that is emitted from the earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation that is leaving the earth's atmosphere and warm up the earths surface, which is known as the greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.Carbon Dioxide 2.Methane 3.Chlorofluorocarbons 4.Nitrous oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global warming relates to an average increase in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere, While Climate change refers to the many other changes that come about because of global warming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weather is short term activities such as temperature changes, rain and snow events, and winds. Climate is long term average of weather patterns, meaning if climate is changing, we should expect changes in the weather patterns also</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase, the earth will get warmer and many climate changes will occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1975</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>satellite photos show how snow and ice conditions change, Migration behavior of marine animals show changes in the time of migration or the route followed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wind patterns, ocean currents, sea level measurements, frequency and strength of tropical storms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% increase, 317ppm to 411ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>280ppm before industiral concentration. current concentration represents an increase of 47 percent over preindustrial concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ppm stand for parts per million, ppb stands for parts per billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methane concentration in pre-industrial times was recorded to be 700 ppb. Now its concentration in current times is recorded to be be 1,870 ppb</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrous oxide (N2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>synthetic compounds that are a minor component of the greenhouse gas picture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>widely used as refrigerant gases in refrigerators and air conditioners, as cleaning solvents, as propellants in aerosol containers, and as expanders in foam products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they are 15,000 times more efficent at slowing down heat loss than is carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Carbon Dioxide (65%)</li> <li>Methane (17%)</li> <li>Chlorofluorocarbons (8%)</li> <li>Nitrous oxide (6%)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>provide an assessment of the state of knowledge about climate change at regular intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>changes to the hydrologic cycle (water cycle), sea level, human health, survival of organisms, distribution of organisms, and use of natural resources by people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>these nations tend to depend on agriculture, which is climate-sensitive, and don't have the economic resources to adjust to global warming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Africa. Due to poverty in Africa, it limits the adaptation capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oceans become more acidic, changes to weather and climate, disruption of the Hydrologic cycle (water cycle), changes to ecosystems, health effects, challenges to agriculture and food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>442.3 billion in damages from 1980-1999, and 1.312 Trillion in damages from 2000-2019</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>from 1980-1999, 80 weather events happened. from 2000-2019, 178 weather events happened</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>people with heart problems are at risk because their cardiovascular system must work harder to keep the body cool during hot weather.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poultion becomes worse, which leads to injury of lung tissue and increases the incidence of respiratory disease, asthma, and allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>placing a tax on the amount of carbon individuals and corporations release into the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it addressed dealing with Chloorofluocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dealing with greenhouse gases, publishing plans for reducing greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>encourage more aggresive greenhouse gas reductions, establish how each countries NDC's will be measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dealing with Chlorofluorocarbons and Hydrofluorocarbons. Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons destroy stratospheric ozone and greenhouse gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers