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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of recognizing the processes of evaporation, precipitation, and groundwater flow in hydrology?
What does the water budget equation involve?
Which of the following is considered a loss in the context of the rainfall-runoff relationship?
What conditions are necessary for precipitation to form according to the text?
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Which form of precipitation is characterized by liquid water droplets with a diameter greater than 0.5 mm?
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What component of the hydrologic cycle involves water being absorbed by plants and released as vapor through stomata?
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Which storage component of the hydrologic cycle regulates water exchange between land and atmosphere?
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What is the process where water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into liquid or solid forms and falls to the Earth's surface?
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How does man interfere with the hydrologic cycle by suppressing evaporation?
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Which component of the hydrologic cycle involves water moving across the land when precipitation exceeds infiltration?
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Study Notes
Hydrologic Cycle
- Recognition of the hydrologic cycle processes (Evaporation, Precipitation, & Groundwater flow) helps to study hydrology in a systematic way
- Human interference can occur at any part of the hydrologic cycle, causing serious repercussions
Water Budget Equation
- A continuity equation that describes the quantities of water going through various individual paths of the hydrological cycle in a given system
- Involves accounting for inputs, outputs, and changes in water storage within a defined system over a specific period
Precipitation
- Denotes all forms of water that reach the earth from the atmosphere
- Forms include rainfall, snowfall, hail, frost, and dew
- Magnitude of precipitation varies with time and space, causing hydrological problems such as floods and droughts
Formation of Precipitation
- Requires moisture in the atmosphere, sufficient nuclei, and suitable weather conditions for condensation
- The products of condensation must reach the earth
Forms of Precipitation
- Rain: liquid water drops with a diameter greater than 0.5 mm
- Snow: forms when water vapor freezes, falling as ice crystals from clouds when temperature drops below freezing
- Drizzle: a liquid precipitation with a small droplet size less than 0.5 mm in diameter, often falling from Stratus clouds
Hydrologic Cycle Components
- Transportation Components:
- Evaporation: water is transformed from liquid to water vapor
- Transpiration: water is absorbed by plants and released as vapor through stomata
- Precipitation: water vapor condenses into liquid or solid forms and falls to the Earth's surface
- Infiltration: water on the ground surface enters the soil
- Runoff: water moves across the land when the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate of infiltration
- Storage Components:
- Storage on the land surface: water retention in low-lying areas like depression storage, ponds, lakes, and reservoirs
- Soil Moisture Storage: regulates water exchange between land and atmosphere
- Groundwater Storage: major contributor to flow in many streams and rivers
Human Interference with Hydrologic Cycle
- Artificial Rain
- Evaporation Suppression
- Change of vegetal cover and land use
- Extraction of groundwater
Importance of Hydrologic Cycle
- Influences various fields: Agriculture, Forestry, Geography, Economics, Sociology, and Political science
- Applications: Water supply, Irrigation and drainage, Water power, Flood control, Navigation, Coastal works, Salinity control, and recreational uses of water
Important Notes
- Water source of the earth is constant
- Sun is the source of energy for the hydrologic cycle
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Description
Test your knowledge on the transportation components of the hydrologic cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff. Learn about the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface.
