The Hundred Years War Overview

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Questions and Answers

What do historians call the series of events that occurred from the 14th to the 15th centuries?

The Hundred Years War

What year did the Hundred Years War start?

1337

What year did the Hundred Years War conclude?

1453

What was the main reason why the Hundred Years War was fought?

Claims by the English Kings to the French throne Signup and view all the answers

What was the historical event in 1066 AD that can be considered an early cause of the Hundred Years War?

The Norman Conquest Signup and view all the answers

Who was the cousin of the King of England who claimed he would inherit the throne when his cousin fell ill?

William of Normandy Signup and view all the answers

During what battle did William of Normandy defeat Harold and claim himself as the new King of England?

Battle of Hastings Signup and view all the answers

What was the English King's goal from the Norman Conquest onward?

to control land in both England and France Signup and view all the answers

What year was the King of France, Philip IV, died?

1328 Signup and view all the answers

Who was the daughter of the King of France and wife of Edward II, the King of England?

Isabella Signup and view all the answers

Whom did French nobility select to be the new King after the death of Philip IV?

Philip of Valois Signup and view all the answers

What year did the French nobility select Philip of Valois as the new King?

1328 Signup and view all the answers

What year did Edward III claim the title "King of France"?

1337 Signup and view all the answers

What did Edward III declare to the French in 1337?

that he was King of France Signup and view all the answers

What kind of warfare was primarily used in the Hundred Years War?

short raids and expeditions Signup and view all the answers

What battle did the English win in 1346?

Battle of Crecy Signup and view all the answers

What event occurred in Orleans in 1429?

Siege of Orleans Signup and view all the answers

What weapon technology gave the English an advantage in battles?

the longbow Signup and view all the answers

Where and when did cannons see their first use on the European battlefield?

during the Hundred Years War Signup and view all the answers

What was Edward III's son's nickname?

The Black Prince of Wales Signup and view all the answers

Who ruled France when the Black Prince of Wales reignited the Hundred Years War in 1356?

Jean II Signup and view all the answers

Who took their army into the Hundred Years' War in 1415, baiting the French to attack his fortified position?

King Henry V Signup and view all the answers

Who were the dukes of Burgundy in the Hundred Years' War?

an area of France that was loyal to England Signup and view all the answers

What did Henry V gain control of after the Battle of Agincourt in 1415?

Normandy, Paris, and other locations in France. Signup and view all the answers

What happened in 1420 during the Hundred Years' War?

King Henry V of England married Catherine of Valois, the daughter if the French King, Charles VI. Signup and view all the answers

What treaty was signed in 1420 during the Hundred Years' War?

Treaty of Troyes Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Troyes designed to accomplish?

to make the English victors in the Hundred Years War. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Charles VII after the Treaty of Troyes?

He was declared illegitimate. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to King Charles V and Henry V?

They died unexpectedly. Signup and view all the answers

Who inherited both King Henry V and King Charles V's Kingdoms?

Henry VI, their son Signup and view all the answers

When did the final stage of the Hundred Years' War begin?

1422 Signup and view all the answers

When did the Hundred Years' War end?

1453 Signup and view all the answers

What was the last English held fortress to be captured by French armies, ending the Hundred Years War?

Castillon Signup and view all the answers

Who was the daughter of peasants from Burgundy who claimed to have divine visions?

Joan of Arc Signup and view all the answers

What did Joan of Arc plead for?

to meet the Dauphin Signup and view all the answers

What did Joan of Arc do before she met the Dauphin?

She cut her hair and dressed like a boy Signup and view all the answers

After the English bombardment of the French stronghold, what did Joan of Arc do?

She knelt in prayer and led an assault on the English fortress. Signup and view all the answers

What did Joan of Arc help do?

She helped lead the French to victory. Signup and view all the answers

What did Joan of Arc become for the Dauphin, Charles VII?

His most trusted general. Signup and view all the answers

What did Joan of Arc escort the Dauphin Charles VII to?

his official coronation as King of France Signup and view all the answers

What did Joan of Arc do for the French in the Hundred Years War?

She gave them a sense of national identity and self-confidence. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Joan of Arc in 1432?

She was captured by the English. Signup and view all the answers

How was Joan of Arc executed?

She was burned at the stake. Signup and view all the answers

Joan of Arc's death discouraged the French

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was Joan of Arc recognized for?

Saint Joan Signup and view all the answers

What happened to France after the Hundred Years War?

France became a unified Nation Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Hundred Years' War on England and France?

both countries gained stronger national identities Signup and view all the answers

What were the major weapons introduced in the Hundred Years War?

The longbow and the cannon Signup and view all the answers

What did the Hundred Years War lead to?

the decrease in feudal lords' influence Signup and view all the answers

What was the additional factor that also impacted the Hundred Years War?

The plague and famine Signup and view all the answers

What did plague and famine lead people to question?

Church teachings Signup and view all the answers

What was the key outcome of the Hundred Years War for France?

The Hundred Years War resulted in the development of a national identity for the French. This marked the start of a more unified nation-state within the kingdom of France. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts between England and France, lasting 116 years.
The fighting was mostly over claims by English kings to the French throne.
The war's causes extended back to 1066 with the Norman Conquest and the Battle of Hastings.
William of Normandy claimed the English throne after defeating Harold.
English rulers sought control of lands in both England and France.
English kings married French nobles.
France was not a unified country before the war.
England held significant French land by the 1300s,

Controversy Over Succession

King Philip IV of France died in 1328 without sons.
This led to controversy over succession.
Philip IV had a daughter, Isabella, who was married to Edward II of England. They had a son, Edward III.
Philip IV also had a brother who also had a son.
The question was who should become the next king.
The French nobility chose Philip of Valois (a nephew of the last king through the male line) as the new king.
Edward III disagreed with the succession of the throne.
In 1337, Edward III claimed the title "King of France", triggering the war.

The War

The war was a series of short raids and campaigns punctuated by major battles.
Key battles included Crecy (1346), Poitiers (1356), and Agincourt (1415).
The Siege of Orleans (1429) was also important.
The English used new weapons like the longbow, which had greater penetrating power than French crossbows.
Cannons were first used in the war.

The Battle of Crecy (1346)

French knights, exhausted from travel and the difficult terrain, were defeated by the English.
The outnumbered English decisively defeated the French army.
Many French nobles were captured and held for ransom.

The Battle of Poitiers (1356)

Edward III's son, Edward the Black Prince, invaded France and reignited the war.
English nobles captured the French King Jean II.
He was held for ransom and forced to sign a treaty.

The Battle of Agincourt (1415)

King Henry V of England's troops lured the French army into a disadvantageous position.
Henry V's superior archers decimated the French forces.
Henry gained control over Normandy and parts of France.

Treaty of Troyes (1420)

In a truce, Henry V of England married Catherine of Valois, the daughter of the French king Charles VI.
Charles VII, the king's son, was disinherited.
The Treaty seemed to secure an English victory.

The War Starts Again

King Charles VI and Henry V both died unexpectedly.
Henry VI, son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois, inherited the realms of both kingdoms.
The war restarted, with claims that Charles VII was the rightful King of France.

The Height of English Dominance

Key deaths in the royal lines created an unstable power dynamics.
At a point during the war, English power seemed to be firmly established.

Joan of Arc

A peasant girl from Burgundy, claiming divine visions and voices from God.
At 16, she convinced French commanders to allow her to meet the Dauphin.
Joan cut her hair and dressed in men's clothing for her military role.

The Siege of Orleans (1429)

The French army was facing a prolonged and fruitless attack on the English stronghold.
Joan of Arc led the French army in prayer, quickly climbed a ladder, and led an assault on the fortress.
The French achieved success thanks to her faith and leadership.

Charles VII Crowned King

Joan of Arc became Charles' most trusted general.
She escorted him safely to Reims.
Charles VII was crowned King of France.

Joan the Martyr

Joan inspired French national identity and self-confidence.
She was captured and accused by the English.
She was condemned to death and executed by being burned at the stake.

The End of the War

After Joan of Arc's death, the French army's advance continued.
By 1450, the English had lost their major military strongholds.
A key battle, Castillon (1453), saw the French triumph.
This was the last battle, though no treaty sealed formal peace.

Consequences of the War

The war fostered strong national loyalties in England and France.
New military techniques (like the longbow and cannon) changed warfare permanently.
The rise of peasantry weakened the authority of feudal lords, which led to later changes in governing structures.
The war's hardships, together with famine and plague, led people to question the Church's ability to provide solutions, contributing to the Reformation.
France became a more unified nation following the war.

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Description

Explore the key events and causes of the Hundred Years War, a pivotal series of conflicts between England and France. This quiz covers the historical context from the Norman Conquest to the controversies over succession that shaped the struggle for the French throne.