Hundred Years War Flashcards

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453. It was primarily fought over the claim to the French throne.

The Hundred Years' War lasted for 116 years, from 1337 to 1453.

The Hundred Years' War was primarily caused by the struggle between England and France for control of the French throne.

Edward of Woodstock, also known as the Black Prince, was a prominent English figure during the Hundred Years' War. He was known for his military successes.

The statement that the Hundred Years' War was a constant battle with fierce fighting and no periods of peace is false. There were periods of peace and truces during the war.

Joan of Arc was a French heroine who played a significant role in the Hundred Years' War. She inspired French troops and was believed to have divine guidance.

Joan of Arc was captured by the English and condemned as a heretic. She was burned at the stake in Rouen, France in 1431.

The English longbow was a powerful weapon that gave them an advantage in the early stages of the Hundred Years' War. It could shoot arrows with great accuracy and force.

The Hundred Years' War began in 1337.

Joan of Arc played a crucial role in lifting the Siege of Orleans in 1429. This victory marked a turning point in the Hundred Years' War.

English raids into French territory were often referred to as the Crecy Campaign, particularly the battle of Crécy in 1346.

The English army suffered significant losses due to dysentery, a disease caused by contaminated food or water, during the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

King Henry V of England led the English army to a decisive victory against the French at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

The English longbow was typically made of yew wood, which was a strong and durable material.

Some of the notable battles of the Hundred Years' War include Crécy, Poitiers, Agincourt, the Siege of Orleans, and Castillon.

The Crusades were a series of religious wars launched by European Christians against Muslims in the 11th to 13th centuries. Their goal was to regain control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem and surrounding areas) from Islamic rule.

Nine major Crusades were launched by Europeans between the 11th and 13th centuries.

The Crusades were primarily fought between Europeans (primarily Christian) and Arabs (primarily Muslim).

Pope Urban II was the Pope who initiated the First Crusade in 1095.

The First Crusade, launched in 1095 and ending in 1099, was the only successful Crusade in capturing and holding Jerusalem.

Jerusalem holds significance for Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, as it is a holy city for all three religions.

The Seljuk Turks, a group of Turkish Muslim warriors, began invading and taking control of the Byzantine Empire which included Jerusalem. They also blocked access for Christians to travel to Jerusalem for pilgrimage.

The Byzantine Emperor, ruling the Eastern Roman Empire at the time, requested help from the Western Christian powers to defend against the Seljuk Turk invasion.

People joined the Crusades for various reasons, including the desire to recapture the Holy Land, gain riches and land, and seek forgiveness of sins.

The Third Crusade, launched to recapture Jerusalem in 1189, failed to reclaim the city but did succeed in securing a treaty that allowed Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem without being harassed.

The red cross was the symbol of the Crusaders, serving as an emblem of their cause.

Christians were motivated to participate in the Crusades by various hopes, including gaining land and territory, seeking forgiveness for their sins and seeking the glory of God.

Pope Urban II, in his famous speech at Clermont, promised forgiveness of sins to Christians who joined the Crusade.

The Crusades had a complex and lasting impact on Europe. These included: lack of food and resources, advancements in civilization, expansion of knowledge, and the decline of feudalism.

After the Christians captured Jerusalem in the First Crusade and massacred the Muslims and Jews, they established their own Crusader kingdoms. Many survivors were sold into slavery.

As a result of the Crusades, Jews faced persecution in Europe. They were expelled from England and France, forced into ghettos, and murdered.

The Children's Crusade of 1212, a failed and tragic event, began when a young boy claimed to have a vision from Jesus, and prompted others to join a crusade. The children were misguided and ultimately faced hardship and death.