The Human Body: Anatomy and Physiology

Human Body and Anatomy

• The study of the human body is known as anatomy.

Composition of the Human Body

• Water makes up approximately 55-60% of an adult male's body weight.

Physiology and the Human Body

• Physiology is the study of the functions and processes that occur within the human body.

Bone Tissue Types

• Compact bone tissue is dense, smooth, and homogeneous.
• Cancellous bone tissue consists of small needlelike pieces of bone with many open spaces.
• There are two basic types of osseous (bone) tissue.

Skeletal System

• The skeleton has two main subdivisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
• The axial skeleton includes the bones that protect the brain and spinal cord.
• The rib cage is part of the axial skeleton and its main function is to protect the organs in the chest cavity.

Bone Structure and Function

• Long bones, such as the humerus and femur, consist of a layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two thin layers of compact bone.
• The axial skeleton provides support and protection for the brain and spinal cord.

Importance of Studying the Human Body

• Studying the human body is essential for health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to understand its structure and function.
• The skeletal system is responsible for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis).