Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
Spain didn’t want the Frenchmen in Saint Domingue because they killed all the ______
cows
The pirates used their riches to buy ______ plantations
sugar
By the end of the 1700’s, the population of Saint-Domingue was 90% ______
slaves
The plantation system on Saint-Domingue led to 4 groups: Grand Blancs, Free people of color, Petit Blancs, and ______
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The Petit Blancs began fighting for independence from France and took over ______
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The French gov’t granted freedom to everyone in Saint-Domingue except ______
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In 1791, a former slave named Toussaint L’Overture trained the slaves into an army that fought back against the French troops. The Spanish & the British both invaded SaintDomingue in order to destroy ______.
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The National Convention of France realized they couldn’t win and granted freedom to the slaves—who helped defeat the British & Spanish on ______.
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Napoleon appoints his brother in law Leclerc as ruler over ______.
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Leclerc tries to disarm the slaves. Slaves fight back – because they are immune to yellow fever, defeat ______.
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By 1804, Napoleon went home with 8,000 troops (he started with 40,000). He had to sell Louisiana to Jefferson to help pay for the war. Saint-Domingue was renamed ______.
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The Haitian constitution was a rejection of France & colonialism. Haiti was the 2nd free nation in the west. Slave revolt challenged the idea of ______.
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Study Notes
The Haitian Revolution
- Frenchmen settled on Saint Domingue to hunt cows and make jerky, leading to conflicts with Spain.
- Buccaneers, formerly Frenchmen, became pirates and used their riches to buy sugar plantations, leading to the importation of African slaves.
Class Structure in Saint-Domingue
- Four groups emerged on the island:
- Grand Blancs: rich plantation owners
- Free people of color: mixed French and slave ancestry, upper-middle class
- Petit Blancs: poor whites, laborers, and merchants, non-land owning
- Slaves: from Africa, making up 90% of the population by the end of the 1700s
The French Revolution and Its Impact
- The French Revolution in 1789 inspired the Petit Blancs to fight for independence from France, taking over Port-Au-Prince.
- The French government granted freedom to everyone in Saint-Domingue except slaves.
The Slave Revolt
- In 1791, Toussaint L'Ouverture trained an army of slaves to fight against French troops.
- The Spanish and British invaded Saint-Domingue, but were defeated with the help of the freed slaves.
Haitian Independence
- Napoleon became emperor of France and tried to reestablish French colonies, appointing his brother-in-law Leclerc as ruler over Saint-Domingue.
- Leclerc arrested Toussaint L'Ouverture, who died in prison, and tried to disarm the slaves, leading to their fight back.
- By 1804, Napoleon withdrew with only 8,000 troops, and Haiti became a free country, renaming Saint-Domingue to Haiti.
Impact of the Haitian Revolution
- Haiti's constitution rejected France and colonialism, becoming the second free nation in the West.
- The Haitian Revolution ended Napoleon's empire and challenged the idea of slavery.
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Description
Explore the essential question of how the Haitian Revolution influenced the Western Hemisphere. Learn about the beginnings of the revolution with French settlers evolving into pirates on Saint Domingue island.
