The French Revolution

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Questions and Answers

The French Revolution was an __________ against the _____________ in France beginning _____________________ with the storming of the ____________, resulting in the establishment of a _______________ and ending in 1799 with the Consulate under _____________.

uprising, monarchy, July 14, 1789, Bastille, republic, Napoleon

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

taille = A land tax from which the nobles and clergy were exempt Waterloo = The site of Napoleon's final defeat guillotine = A device used for beheading people coup d’etat = A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government Marie Antoinette = The Queen of France during the Revolution National Assembly = A revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate Napoleonic Civil Code = A new law code which embodied Enlightenment principles such as equality of citizens before the law, religious toleration, and abolition of feudalism Corsica = The birthplace of Napoleon Bastille = A medieval fortress and prison in Paris, stormed on July 14, 1789 Robespierre = A radical Jacobin leader during the Reign of Terror Third Estate = The commoners of France bourgeoisie = The middle class of France sans culottes = The common people of the lower classes in late 18th century France relics of feudalism = Aristocratic privileges and special rights Voltaire = An influential philosophe who advocated for freedom of speech and religious toleration

Which of the following best describes the composition of the Third Estate in pre-revolutionary France?

  • Peasants, artisans, and the bourgeoisie (correct)
  • Only peasants and agricultural workers
  • Clergy and nobility
  • Members of the royal family and court officials

Match each Estate with its corresponding members:

<p>First Estate = Clergy Second Estate = Nobles Third Estate = Peasants, artisans, bourgeoisie (shop owners, physicians, tax collectors, carpenters)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three adjectives that describe the French Revolution, justifying each with a specific example from the historical events.

<p>Answers will vary. Example: Radical (the Reign of Terror), Transformative (abolition of feudalism), Chaotic (multiple changes in government)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary goal of the French Revolution was to establish a constitutional monarchy with limited powers for the king.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the political system in France change from before the Revolution to when Napoleon became Emperor?

<p>From absolute Monarchy to Republic to Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the Enlightenment and its influence on the French Revolution.

<p>The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emphasized reason and individual rights. Its ideas inspired the revolution by challenging the legitimacy of the monarchy and advocating for liberty, equality, and fraternity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Enlightenment ideas had the least impact on the French Revolution?

<p>Divine Right of Kings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Enlightenment play in the French Revolution?

<p>The Enlightenment provided the intellectual framework and justification for the revolution, calling for reason, individual rights, and challenging traditional authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with having said, 'I am the revolution'?

<p>There is a misunderstanding about who said, ”I am the revolution.” Napoleon or Louis XIV may come to mind, but neither said that exact phrase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The motto of the French Revolution was 'Liberté, Égalité, _________'

<p>Fraternité</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité' mean?

<p>Liberty, Equality, Fraternity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many people were killed during the Reign of Terror?

<p>40000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Reign of Terror so violent?

<p>The Reign of Terror was so violent because leaders like Robespierre believed extreme measures were necessary to purge counter-revolutionaries and protect the revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

On what day of the year do the French celebrate Bastille Day?

<p>July 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Bastille Day a national holiday in France?

<p>It commemorates the storming of the Bastille and symbolizes the start of the French Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is believed to have said the phrase “let them eat cake.”?

<p>Marie Antoinette</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the quote “let them eat cake” generally mean is implied by the phrase?

<p>It implies a lack of understanding or empathy for the struggles of the less fortunate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the tax burden in France prior to the French Revolution?

<p>The Third Estate paid almost all of the taxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Taille

A tax on land or property.

Waterloo

The final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815.

Guillotine

A device used for executions by beheading during the French Revolution.

Coup d’etat

A sudden seizure of power or overthrow of the government.

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Marie Antoinette

The Queen of France during the French Revolution, known for her extravagant lifestyle.

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National Assembly

The revolutionary assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate.

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A comprehensive system of laws established by Napoleon.

Napoleonic Civil Code

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Corsica

The island where Napoleon Bonaparte was born.

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Bastille

A prison in Paris that was stormed by revolutionaries in 1789, marking the start of the French Revolution.

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Robespierre

A radical Jacobin leader during the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

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Third Estate

The common people of France, who made up the majority of the population.

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Bourgeoisie

The French middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professionals.

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Sans culottes

The common people of France who did not wear fancy pants and supported the revolution.

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Relics of feudalism

Rights and obligations from the old feudal system.

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Voltaire

A French Enlightenment writer who advocated for freedom of speech and religious toleration.

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Reign of Terror

A period of violence during the French Revolution led by the Jacobins.

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Bastille Day

French national holiday celebrated on July 14th.

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French Revolution

An uprising against the monarchy in France, aiming to establish equality and liberty.

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First Estate

The estate that consisted of the clergy.

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Second Estate

The estate that consisted of the nobility.

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Study Notes

  • The French Revolution was an uprising against the monarchy in France.
  • It started in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille.
  • The revolution resulted in the establishment of a republic.
  • It ended in 1799 with the Consulate under Napoleon.

Matching Section Key Terms

  • taille: A land tax
  • Waterloo: Site of Napoleon's final defeat
  • guillotine: A device used for executions
  • coup d’etat: A sudden seizure of power
  • Marie Antoinette: Queen of France during the revolution
  • National Assembly: A revolutionary assembly
  • Napoleonic Civil Code: A legal code established by Napoleon
  • Corsica: Napoleon's birthplace
  • Bastille: A prison stormed at the start of the revolution
  • Robespierre: A radical leader during the revolution
  • Third Estate: The common people of France
  • bourgeoisie: The middle class
  • sans culottes: Radical lower-class revolutionaries
  • relics of feudalism: Remaining feudal rights and obligations
  • Voltaire: An Enlightenment writer

The Three Estates

First Estate

  • Composed of clergy.
  • Included priests, bishops, and cardinals.

Second Estate

  • Composed of nobles.
  • Included the King’s niece, Marie Antoinette, and members of the Bourbon family.

Third Estate

  • Included peasants, artisans, bourgeoisie, shop owners, carpenters, physicians, and tax collectors.
  • Paid all the taxes.

Essay Questions

  • The French Revolution's changes and evolution need to be considered.
  • The shift in France's political system from before the Revolution to Napoleon's rule as Emperor needs to be examined.
  • The Enlightenment's main political ideas inspired the French Revolution.

Short Answer Questions

  • Need to identify who said, “I am the revolution.”
  • Need to identify the percentage of the population, land ownership and tax payment responsibilities for each of the three estates.
  • Need to identify the meaning of motto or slogan of supporters of the French Revolution.
  • The Reign of Terror's violence and death toll need to be examined.
  • Bastille Day's date and significance as a French national holiday needs to be identified.
  • The statement “let them eat cake.” needs to be examined.

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