Chapter 23 The French Revolution and Napoleon

Questions and Answers

What is the essential question regarding inner healing and social healing?

How do we merge inner healing with social healing, honoring both individuality and our political and economic interconnection with others?

What impact did an enlightened view of absolutism have on French society?

Explain what impact an enlightened view of absolutism had on French Society. Describe the interconnection of social factors with economic and political causes of the French Revolution.

Name two economic systems mentioned.

Mercantilism, Capitalism

What was the Old Regime?

The political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the summoning of the Estates-General in 1789?

The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Louis XVI?

King of France from 1774-1792 CE, he summoned the Estates-General but did not grant the requested reforms. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Marie Antoinette?

She was guillotined along with her husband. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the National Assembly?

To represent all the people and demand radical change. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

A pledge made by members of France's National Assembly in 1789 to continue meeting until a new constitution was drawn up. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Fear?

A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789. Signup and view all the answers

What were the three classes of French society?

First estate (clergy), Second estate (nobles), Third estate (commoners). Signup and view all the answers

What three factors led to the French Revolution?

The Enlightenment spread ideas of equality, a failing economy with high taxes, and the weakness of King Louis XVI. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Great Fear?

A wave of violence where peasants attacked nobles' homes and documents. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the émigrés?

French nobles who fled from France during the peasant uprisings. Signup and view all the answers

What were the sans-culottes?

A radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers during the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Maximilien Robespierre?

He was a young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What is treason?

Betrayal of one's country. Signup and view all the answers

What is a guillotine?

A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Essential Questions

Merging inner healing with social healing while respecting individuality and socio-political interconnectedness is a critical idea.

Impact of Enlightenment on Society

Enlightened views questioned absolutism and its effects on French society.
Economic and political pressures, alongside social factors, were key drivers of the French Revolution.

Key Ideas Influencing the Revolution

Critical ideologies included Humanism, Absolutism, Mercantilism, Capitalism, and elements of sexism and antisemitism.

The French Revolution Begins

Marked by the collapse of the Old Regime, leading to revolutionary change.

Old Regime

The political and social hierarchy that existed in France before the revolution, composed of three estates.

Estates-General

Traditional assembly representing the three estates: clergy, nobility, and commoners.
Summoned in 1789 to address the financial crisis and abuses of the Old Regime.

National Assembly

Formed by representatives of the Third Estate, it was pivotal in demanding change and passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.

Tennis Court Oath

An oath taken by members of the National Assembly pledging to formulate a new constitution until their demands were met.

Great Fear

A period of panic post-Bastille's storming, leading to widespread violence and destruction of noble properties by angry peasants.

French Society Classes

The First Estate: Roman Catholic clergy.
The Second Estate: Nobles.
The Third Estate: Commoners who were dissatisfied with the existing inequality.

Driving Factors of the Revolution

Enlightenment ideas promoting equality.
Economic downturn exacerbated by high taxes and food shortages.
Weak leadership of King Louis XVI and the unpopular influence of Marie Antoinette.

Formation of the National Assembly

Established due to disputes on voting practices, aimed at representing the people's will.

Events during the Great Fear

Destruction of noble properties and documents by peasants, along with attempts to flee by the royal family.

Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

A significant period marked by legislative changes and rising violence.

Legislative Assembly

A new congress with powers to create laws and sanction wars, created under the 1791 constitution.

Concepts of Treason and Émigrés

Treason defined as betrayal against one’s country.
Émigrés were noble refugees aiming for the restoration of the monarchy, often holding conservative views.

Radical Groups and Key Figures

Sans-culottes were radicals demanding more representation and relief from economic hardships.
Jacobins, led by Maximilien Robespierre, represented the extreme republican faction during the revolution.

Execution Methods

The guillotine became the symbol of execution during the revolution, known for its use in mass executions.

Maximilien Robespierre

A leading figure during the revolution whose radical leadership culminated in the Reign of Terror, ending with his own execution.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts from Chapter 23 focusing on the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. It encourages critical thinking about the interconnectedness of social, economic, and political factors that fueled this historical period. Prepare to delve into essential questions and discussions surrounding these transformative events.