The Flaws of Modern Dietetics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary criticism of dietitians' training, as suggested?

  • Their certificates do not accurately reflect what they have learned regarding nutrition. (correct)
  • They focus too much on exercise.
  • They lack knowledge about macronutrients.
  • They are not qualified to give advice.

What was Wilbur Olin Atwater's main contribution to the field of dietetics?

  • Promoting the importance of fiber in the diet.
  • Standardizing how much heat energy macronutrients liberate. (correct)
  • Discovering the role of the intestinal microbiome.
  • Establishing the American Dietetic Association.

What is a major flaw of the Atwater system, according to the content?

  • It doesn't account for the influence of the intestinal microbiome. (correct)
  • It inaccurately measures heat energy in a bomb calorimeter.
  • It overestimates the caloric content of proteins.
  • It focuses too much on the role of carbohydrates.

What partnerships have arisen because of the idea that chronic disease is caused by excess calories?

<p>Partnerships between big food companies and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary criticism of the Nutrition Facts label?

<p>It does not indicate what has been done to the food during processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of the operating budget for dietetic organizations comes from Big Food, as documented by Michele Simon?

<p>90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author mentions an incident involving Neva Cochran, RD, to illustrate what point?

<p>The inflexibility of dietitians in the face of scientific evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implications does the content suggest regarding the source of calories of food?

<p>The source of calories significantly impacts how they are metabolized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest regarding the role of corporate dietitians?

<p>They tend to exonerate processed food. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central argument against the prevailing dietary advice?

<p>It relies on an outdated and simplistic view of how the body processes food. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does the author hope to 'kill' with the book?

<p>The calorie (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did dietitians take over nutritional counseling?

<p>1960s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author claim is steadily getting worse?

<p>American health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author claim dietitans are still stuck on?

<p>The calorie (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prediction for obesity rates in America by 2030, according to current modeling?

<p>One half. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization sponsors the non-profit 'Exercise is Medicine'?

<p>Coca-Cola (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What claim did hospital dietitians make when doctors suggested removing sugared beverages from the menu?

<p>It is 'cruel and inhuman punishment'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the fact that processed foods are 'addictive', according to the context?

<p>It explains why patients remain ill, despite dietary advice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the author, what fundamental shift is required to improve public health regarding nutrition?

<p>Moving beyond the calorie-centric view and confronting the influence of the food industry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying assumption is challenged when corporations sponsor health initiatives?

<p>That profit-driven entities can genuinely prioritize public health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

"Calorie is a calorie" concept

The idea that a calorie is a calorie, regardless of its source.

Atwater system

Developed by Wilbur Olin Atwater in 1916, it standardizes how much heat energy three macronutrients release when burned.

Kcal in protein and carbs

4 kcal/gm

Kcal in fat

9 kcal/gm

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Limitation of the Atwater equation

The Atwater equation neglects the intestinal microbiome and its metabolism of approximately 25-30% of everything you eat.

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Almond calorie absorption

The amount of calories absorbed from almonds is a full 30% less than generated from a bomb calorimeter.

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Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND)

The American Dietetic Association, rebranded in 2012, which has always argued that obesity can be determined with simple math.

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AND's view on obesity

Chronic disease is caused by excess calories, and therefore obesity.

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Smart Choices

A food industry coalition.

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Exercise is Medicine

It focuses to get people to focus on exercise, not diet.

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Corporate dietitians

They exonerate processed food over the decades because they espouse calories, and virtually all food has calories.

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Courtney Gaine

A dietitian paid to uphold sugar.

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Reasons for patient's illness

Patients remain ill, because processed foods are addictive, doctors are ambivalent, confused, or just plain ignorant, and dietitians are complicit with Big Food.

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Study Notes

  • Dietitians' certificates state they learned nutrition and dietetics, but dentists stopped learning nutrition in dental school in 1947.
  • Modern dietetics was founded on the false idea that a calorie is a calorie," which originated from the Atwater system, developed by Wilbur Olin Atwater in 1916.
  • Atwater determined how much heat energy (kilocalories or kcal) three macronutrients release when burned in a bomb calorimeter.
  • He calculated ratios to determine kcal content in food based on protein (4 kcal/gm), carbohydrate (4 kcal/gm), and fat (9 kcal/gm).
  • Fat was considered the most calorie-dense and a primary factor in weight gain.
  • Dietitians have used this arithmetic to calculate a patient's food plate.
  • The Atwater equation doesn't account for the intestinal microbiome and its metabolism of 25-30% of food intake, or fiber's impact on altering that percentage.
  • Fiber does not contribute calories to the total, but it changes the percentage absorbed, creating a difference between calories eaten and metabolized.
  • The amount of calories absorbed from nuts like almonds can be 30% less than calorimeter-generated values.
  • Some manufacturers are reducing the labeling of caloric content of their products to reflect this fact.
  • The field of modern dietetics began in 1917.
  • The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) has argued that obesity and nutrition can be determined with simple math by adding up what's in food versus what is needed.
  • Per the AND, chronic disease is driven by calorie excess.
  • The AND promotes the “Eat Right” and exercise motto.
  • Subterfuges include Smart Choices, NuVal, and the Global Energy Balance Network.
  • Coca-Cola sponsors Exercise is Medicine.
  • Corporate dietitians and the AND have exonerated processed foods for decades due to their focus on calories.
  • The source of calories matters and is not physics, it is nutritional biochemistry.
  • The AND supports the Nutrition Facts label.
  • What's been done to the food, not what's in it, is what matters.
  • 90% of the AND's operating budget comes from Big Food, according to public health lawyer Michele Simon.

Dieticians In Practice

  • Dallas dietitian Neva Cochran, RD, defended the idea that "a calorie IS a calorie" on YouTube.
  • Cochran represents the processed food industry; calories are the industry's shield.
  • Public schools are now the biggest franchise food operation in the world.
  • The School Nutrition Association supports processed food.
  • Courtney Gaine, PhD, RD, president of the Sugar Association, canceled a debate in 2015 and Connie Diekman, RD, upheld the Sugar Association's energy balance party line.
  • Dietitians took over nutritional counseling in the 1960s.
  • Current models suggest half of Americans will be obese by 2030.
  • Patients remain ill because processed foods are addictive, doctors are ambivalent, and dietitians are complicit with Big Food.
  • 28% of children's hospitals in America have fast food concessions.
  • Removal of sugared beverages from hospital menus was opposed by dietitians, who called it "cruel and inhuman punishment.".
  • Dietitians wouldn't allow removing fruit juice from UCSF.
  • The core of the profession is bound by the AND.

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