34 Questions
What term is used to describe an essential amino acid found in the smallest quantity in a food source?
Limiting amino acid
In protein catabolism, what process involves the removal of nitrogen?
Deanimation
Under what circumstances can an amino acid become conditionally essential?
In some physiological situations
What determines the quality of a protein according to the text?
Type and amount of amino acids
Which term refers to proteins from different sources that combine to form complete proteins?
Complementary protein
Which type of amino acid cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet?
Essential amino acids
What is the term used to describe proteins that contain all essential amino acids in correct amounts important for humans?
Complete proteins
Which of the following is NOT a source of complete protein?
Nuts
What is the term used to describe proteins that lack at least one essential amino acid?
Incomplete proteins
Which category of amino acids can be synthesized by the body using available molecules from other amino acids?
Non-essential amino acids
What is the term used to describe amino acids that are sometimes required in the diet under specific conditions?
Conditional amino acids
What is the caloric value of monosaccharides per gram?
3.4 kcal/g
How many grams of carbohydrates are recommended for a 2000 kcal/day diet based on the percentage range given?
225-325g
What is the main structural and functional role of proteins within cells?
Formation of enzymes and hormones
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?
Energy storage as glycogen
What is the primary form in which proteins are used to synthesize antibodies?
Large proteins
Which of the following is NOT a class of activity associated with protein functionality?
Cellular building for energy storage
What is the primary function of fat in the body?
Building block for synthesis of other lipid-based compounds
Which function of lipids is related to their role as an insulating agent in the body?
Cushions and protects organs
What is a key function of fat in food?
Acts as an emulsifying agent
Which function of lipids is essential for cell membrane structure?
Component of cell membranes
What is a specific function of lipids related to energy storage?
Density as triacylglycerol is the long-term fuel storage reserve
Which component of cell membranes is primarily responsible for forming a barrier between internal and external cellular compartments?
Phospholipids
What is the main fatty acid precursor for hormone-like compounds involved in processes such as blood clotting and muscle contraction?
Arachidonic acid
Which type of fatty acid plays a role in converting extracellular signals into intracellular signals in cell signaling processes?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
What is the main type of lipid found in pulmonary surfactant, which prevents the lung from collapsing?
Phospholipids
Which term describes the molecule that constitutes 95% of lipids and consists of a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids?
Triglyceride
Which classification of fatty acids includes examples like lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids?
Saturated Fatty Acids
Which type of fatty acid is more chemically stable with a longer shelf life due to its straight line configuration?
Saturated fatty acids
What type of fatty acids contain two or more double bonds and are generally liquid at room temperature?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Which essential fatty acids play a role in healthy skin, normal growth, blood clotting, and inflammation?
Essential fatty acids
What is the function of trans fats in the body?
Function like saturated fats due to hydrogenation
Which type of lipids have a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphate group?
Phospholipids
What characterizes sterols among lipids?
Have large interconnected rings of carbon
Learn how to calculate the recommended daily intake of carbohydrates based on your total daily caloric needs. Understand how to convert caloric intake into grams of carbohydrates per day using the Atwater factor. Explore examples and information on the caloric values of different types of carbohydrates.
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