The Federal System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the Federal System?

  • System of government where powers are divided between the national government and state or local governments. (correct)
  • System of government where powers are concentrated in the national government.
  • System of government that only allows local governments to operate independently.
  • System of government which does not exist.

    • What are expressed powers?

    Powers directly stated in the Constitution.

    What are implied powers?

    Authority required to carry out the powers that are expressly defined in the Constitution.

    What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?

    <p>Basis for implied powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are inherent powers?

    <p>Powers that the national government may exercise simply because it is a government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amendment reserves certain powers to the states?

    <p>10th Amendment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reserved powers?

    <p>Powers granted to the states by the Constitution that are not specifically listed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are concurrent powers?

    <p>Powers that the national government and the states both have.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What law provided for the eventual statehood of territories settled by the U.S.?

    <p>Northwest Ordinance of 1787.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state was formed because they did not want to secede during the Civil War?

    <p>West Virginia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Article of the U.S. Constitution deals with the states' relationships among themselves?

    <p>Article IV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does extradition mean?

    <p>To return a criminal or fugitive to the state in which the crime was committed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause entail?

    <p>Each state must recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Privileges and Immunities Clause?

    <p>One state cannot discriminate unreasonably against the citizens of another state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are interstate compacts?

    <p>Written agreements between two or more states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are grants-in-aid programs?

    <p>Federal money or other resources to the states and their cities, counties, or local units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nationalist position?

    <p>Position that favors national action in dealing with problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court case upheld the Supremacy Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause?

    <p>McCulloch v. Maryland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which court case upheld a federal steamboat license despite state restrictions?

    <p>Gibbons v. Ogden.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Fletcher v. Peck?

    <p>First time a state law was found unconstitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Worcester v. Georgia rule?

    <p>States did not have the right to impose restrictions on Native American lands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are categorical grants?

    <p>Grants made with some specific, closely defined purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are block grants?

    <p>Grants made with a broadly defined purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are project grants?

    <p>Grants made to states, localities, and sometimes private agencies that apply for them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What court case outlawed 'quickie' divorces?

    <p>Williams v. North Carolina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ruling of Loving v. Virginia?

    <p>States could not ban interracial marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of United States v. Windsor?

    <p>Defense of Marriage Act was declared unconstitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Obergefell v. Hodges require states to do?

    <p>Recognize same-sex marriages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tendency over the years has been to grant more power to the?

    <p>National Government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which party is more likely to support a nationalist position?

    <p>Democrats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which party is more likely to rely on the judgment of state and local governments?

    <p>Republicans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Federal System Overview

    • A federal system divides powers between national and state or local governments.
    • This structure enhances coordination and allows for localized governance.

    Definitions of Powers

    • Expressed Powers: Clearly stated in the Constitution; examples include regulating interstate commerce and coining money.
    • Implied Powers: Derived from expressed powers, enabling the government to carry out necessary functions; supported by the Necessary and Proper Clause.
    • Inherent Powers: Powers exercised simply because it is a government, such as controlling borders.
    • Reserved Powers: Powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but retained by the states, ensuring states can govern locally.
    • Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by both national and state governments, such as the ability to tax.

    Constitutional Amendments and Articles

    • 10th Amendment: Reserves powers to states not granted to the federal government.
    • Article IV: Addresses the relationships among states, including issues like extradition and the Full Faith and Credit Clause.
    • McCulloch v. Maryland: Established the Supremacy Clause and validated implied powers through the Second National Bank case.
    • Gibbons v. Ogden: Affirmed federal licensing over state licensing in commerce, solidifying federal authority.
    • Fletcher v. Peck: Demonstrated judicial review with the first case declaring a state law unconstitutional.
    • Worcester v. Georgia: Ruled states cannot impose restrictions on Native American lands, affirming federal treaties.

    Clauses of the Constitution

    • Full Faith and Credit Clause: Mandates recognition of public acts, records, and judicial proceedings across states.
    • Privileges and Immunities Clause: Ensures that a state cannot discriminate against the citizens of another state.

    Interstate Relations

    • Interstate Compacts: Formal agreements between states to address shared concerns.
    • Extradition: Process for returning fugitives to the state where the crime was committed.

    Grants and Federal Aid

    • Grants-in-Aid Programs: Federal resources provided to states and localities for various programs.
    • Categorical Grants: Specific-purpose grants with imposed conditions.
    • Block Grants: Broad-purpose grants with minimal restrictions.
    • Project Grants: Competitively awarded based on project applications.

    Historical Context of States

    • Northwest Ordinance of 1787: Established a framework for admitting new states from territories.
    • West Virginia: Formed during the Civil War by counties opposing secession.

    Legislative and Social Progression

    • Williams v. North Carolina: Outlawed quick divorces, impacting marriage laws.
    • Loving v. Virginia: Ruled against bans on interracial marriage, reinforcing civil rights.
    • United States v. Windsor: Declared the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional, contributing to marriage equality.
    • Obergefell v. Hodges: Legally recognized same-sex marriage across all states.

    Political Perspectives

    • The Nationalist position favors increased federal power to address national issues.
    • Democrats generally support a nationalist approach, while Republicans advocate for state and local governance autonomy.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts of the Federal System with these flashcards. Learn about the division of powers between national and state governments, along with expressed and implied powers defined in the Constitution. Perfect for students seeking to understand foundational government principles.

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