The Eye in Systemic Diseases: Proptosis

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What is the term specifically referring to the abnormal protrusion of the eyeball?

Orbital cellulitis

Proptosis

Exophthalmos (correct)

Retrobulbar lesions

What is the length of the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve?

10 mm

18 mm

30 mm

25 mm (correct)

What is the purpose of Naffziger's method?

To detect the direction of proptosis

To measure the severity of proptosis

To detect asymmetrical proptosis (correct)

To diagnose orbital cellulitis

What type of lesions typically cause axial proptosis?

Space-occupying lesions within the muscle cone Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for displacement of the globe in the coronal plane?

Dystopia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Luedde exophthalmometer?

To measure the severity of proptosis Signup and view all the answers

In what situation should drainage of infected sinuses be considered?

If there is a lack of response to antibiotics, or if there is very severe sinus disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of preseptal cellulitis?

Normal visual acuity Signup and view all the answers

What is Chandler's classification of complication of sinusitis that involves pus in the space between bone and periosteum?

III. Subperiosteal abscess Signup and view all the answers

When is an emergency canthotomy/cantholysis warranted?

In cases of severe optic nerve compression Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of orbital cellulitis according to Chandler's classification?

Proptosis and chemosis with limited impairment in EOM Signup and view all the answers

In which condition should biopsy of inflammatory tissue be performed?

In cases of atypical clinical picture Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of muscle on T1 weighted MRI in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome?

Hyperintense Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for Tolosa-Hunt syndrome?

Systemic corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the common sensory deficit seen in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome?

Loss of sensation in the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the clinical course of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome?

Characterized by remissions and recurrences Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome based on?

A diagnosis of exclusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a biopsy in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome?

To rule out other causes of the symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the measurement of proptosis achieved with the aid of?

Exophthalmometer Signup and view all the answers

What is the reading that indicates proptosis?

Greater than 20 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in readings between the two eyes that is suspicious of proptosis?

2-3 mm or more Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the false impression of proptosis?

Pseudoproptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the age group in which 80% of preseptal cellulitis cases occur?

Under 10 years of age Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common causative organism of preseptal cellulitis?

Both Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp Signup and view all the answers

What is the investigation that shows opacification anterior to the orbital septum in preseptal cellulitis?

CT Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical emergency that may cause loss of vision and even death?

Orbital cellulitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of orbital cellulitis that may be required in up to 90% of adults?

Sinus drainage Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of orbital cellulitis that can cause increased IOP?

Exposure keratopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age of presentation for Wegener granulomatosis?

Fifth decade Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is typically affected in Wegener granulomatosis?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic type of vasculitis seen in Wegener granulomatosis?

Small vessel vasculitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common ocular feature of Wegener granulomatosis?

Scleritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the useful serological test for diagnosing Wegener granulomatosis?

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA variant) test Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment for Wegener granulomatosis?

Cyclophosphamide and steroids Signup and view all the answers