The DNA Basics

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Which molecule is responsible for carrying the genetic instructions in cells?

RNA

Protein

DNA (correct)

Carbohydrate

Where is DNA contained in a cell?

Nucleus (correct)

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Which term describes a segment of DNA that encodes the instructions to express a heritable trait?

Phenotype

Genotype

Gene (correct)

Allele

Who first identified DNA in 1869?

Friedrich Miescher Signup and view all the answers

What is an organism called if it inherits one allele from its mother and one allele from its father?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the DNA molecule called?

Double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pair of alleles an organism has?

Genotype Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Thymine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the trait that is expressed?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a DNA double helix?

Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Nitrogen base Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a version of a gene?

Allele Signup and view all the answers

What type of trait is black coat color in cats?

Dominant Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern of inheritance is too complex to be explained solely by the dominant-recessive pattern or incomplete dominance?

Polygenic inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical structure of PTC similar to?

Toxic alkaloids found in some poisonous plants Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA arranged into compartments called chromosomes?

In the nucleus of a cell Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are found in a complete set in humans?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

Cellular repair and growth of a multicellular organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

Formation of gametes Signup and view all the answers

What happens if mitosis doesn't happen properly?

Abnormal cell growth and development Signup and view all the answers

What happens if meiosis doesn't happen properly?

Formation of non-functional gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist(s) unraveled the structure of the DNA molecule?

James Watson and Francis Crick Signup and view all the answers

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA contained in a cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the DNA molecule called?

Double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

To produce identical cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

To produce gametes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a version of a gene?

Allele Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pair of alleles an organism has?

Genotype Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an organism that inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele?

Heterozygous Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype of a purebred white cat?

bb Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotype of a purebred black cat?

Black coat Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of producing white coat kittens when crossing two hybrid black offspring?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern of inheritance results in a blending of the two forms of a trait?

Incomplete dominance Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a segment of DNA that encodes the instructions to express a heritable trait?

Gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for what the trait looks like?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for what alleles the genes are made of?

Genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

To produce gametes for sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

To produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent Signup and view all the answers

What happens if meiosis doesn't happen properly?

The zygote will end up with an incomplete set of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What happens if mitosis doesn't happen properly?

The zygote will end up with an incomplete set of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are found in a complete set in humans?

46 Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA arranged into compartments called chromosomes?

In the nucleus of a cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical structure of PTC similar to?

Toxic alkaloids found in some poisonous plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

To produce gametes for sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

To produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent Signup and view all the answers

The DNA Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is responsible for carrying the genetic instructions in cells?

Where is DNA contained in a cell?

Which term describes a segment of DNA that encodes the instructions to express a heritable trait?

Who first identified DNA in 1869?

What is an organism called if it inherits one allele from its mother and one allele from its father?

What is the structure of the DNA molecule called?

What is the term for the pair of alleles an organism has?

Which nitrogen base pairs with adenine in DNA?

What is the term for the trait that is expressed?

What are the components of a DNA double helix?

What is the term for a version of a gene?

What type of trait is black coat color in cats?

Which pattern of inheritance is too complex to be explained solely by the dominant-recessive pattern or incomplete dominance?

What is the chemical structure of PTC similar to?

Where is DNA arranged into compartments called chromosomes?

How many chromosomes are found in a complete set in humans?

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

What happens if mitosis doesn't happen properly?

What happens if meiosis doesn't happen properly?

Which scientist(s) unraveled the structure of the DNA molecule?

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Where is DNA contained in a cell?

What is the structure of the DNA molecule called?

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

What is the term for a version of a gene?

What is the term for the pair of alleles an organism has?

Which term describes an organism that inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele?

What is the genotype of a purebred white cat?

What is the phenotype of a purebred black cat?

What is the probability of producing white coat kittens when crossing two hybrid black offspring?

Which pattern of inheritance results in a blending of the two forms of a trait?

What is the term for a segment of DNA that encodes the instructions to express a heritable trait?

What is the term for what the trait looks like?

What is the term for what alleles the genes are made of?

What is the purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

What happens if meiosis doesn't happen properly?

What happens if mitosis doesn't happen properly?

How many chromosomes are found in a complete set in humans?

Where is DNA arranged into compartments called chromosomes?

What is the chemical structure of PTC similar to?

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

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