The DNA Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is responsible for carrying the genetic instructions in cells?

  • RNA
  • Protein
  • DNA (correct)
  • Carbohydrate

Where is DNA contained in a cell?

  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria

Which term describes a segment of DNA that encodes the instructions to express a heritable trait?

  • Phenotype
  • Genotype
  • Gene (correct)
  • Allele

Who first identified DNA in 1869?

<p>Friedrich Miescher (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an organism called if it inherits one allele from its mother and one allele from its father?

<p>Heterozygous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the DNA molecule called?

<p>Double helix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pair of alleles an organism has?

<p>Genotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen base pairs with adenine in DNA?

<p>Thymine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the trait that is expressed?

<p>Phenotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a DNA double helix?

<p>Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Nitrogen base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a version of a gene?

<p>Allele (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of trait is black coat color in cats?

<p>Dominant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern of inheritance is too complex to be explained solely by the dominant-recessive pattern or incomplete dominance?

<p>Polygenic inheritance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical structure of PTC similar to?

<p>Toxic alkaloids found in some poisonous plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA arranged into compartments called chromosomes?

<p>In the nucleus of a cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are found in a complete set in humans?

<p>46 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

<p>Cellular repair and growth of a multicellular organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

<p>Formation of gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if mitosis doesn't happen properly?

<p>Abnormal cell growth and development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if meiosis doesn't happen properly?

<p>Formation of non-functional gametes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist(s) unraveled the structure of the DNA molecule?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

<p>Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA contained in a cell?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the DNA molecule called?

<p>Double helix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

<p>To produce identical cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

<p>To produce gametes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a version of a gene?

<p>Allele (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pair of alleles an organism has?

<p>Genotype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an organism that inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele?

<p>Heterozygous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype of a purebred white cat?

<p>bb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotype of a purebred black cat?

<p>Black coat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of producing white coat kittens when crossing two hybrid black offspring?

<p>25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern of inheritance results in a blending of the two forms of a trait?

<p>Incomplete dominance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a segment of DNA that encodes the instructions to express a heritable trait?

<p>Gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for what the trait looks like?

<p>Phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for what alleles the genes are made of?

<p>Genotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

<p>To produce gametes for sexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

<p>To produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if meiosis doesn't happen properly?

<p>The zygote will end up with an incomplete set of chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if mitosis doesn't happen properly?

<p>The zygote will end up with an incomplete set of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are found in a complete set in humans?

<p>46 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA arranged into compartments called chromosomes?

<p>In the nucleus of a cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical structure of PTC similar to?

<p>Toxic alkaloids found in some poisonous plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis in our bodies?

<p>To produce gametes for sexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis in our bodies?

<p>To produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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