The Cry of Pugad Lawin: Philippine Revolution

The Cry of Pugad Lawin/Balintawak

• The Cry of Pugad Lawin or Balintawak was a significant event that marked the start of the Philippine Revolution.
• It occurred on August 23, 1896, with a gathering of 500-1,000 Katipuneros.
• The event symbolized the Filipinos' rebellion against Spanish rule.
• The monument at Balintawak Cloverleaf in Quezon commemorates the event.

Accounts of the Event

• Dr. Pio Valenzuela and Santiago Alvarez provide different accounts of the event.

Dr. Pio Valenzuela's Account

• He believed the event happened in Pugad Lawin, not Balintawak.
• He identified the location as part of Sitio Gulod, Banlat, Kalookan City.
• He described the meeting of Katipuneros at the house of Juan Ramos, son of Melchora Aquino.
• He noted the tearing of cedula certificates as a symbol of breaking away from Spain.

Santiago Alvarez's Account

• He described the gathering at the house of Apolonio Samson in Kangkong.
• He mentioned the assignment of guards and the assembly of about 300 men.

The Spanish Perspective on the Revolution

• Spanish officials, like Montero and Izquierdo, attributed the revolution to various factors.
• They blamed the abolition of privileges for Cavite arsenal workers and the influence of the native clergy.
• They also pointed to the spread of democratic ideals and newspapers as contributing factors.
• They accused the Filipinos of gullibility and a propensity for stealing.

Ferdinand Magellan's First Voyage

• Magellan's voyage was motivated by the desire to find a westward route to the Spice Islands.
• The Spanish crew, led by Magellan, consisted of about 270 men, mostly Spaniards.
• The voyage marked the beginning of European colonization of the Philippines.

Key Ships in the Expedition

• Trinidad: Flagship, commanded by Ferdinand Magellan.
• San Antonio: Largest ship, commanded by Martin de Irala and later Francisco de Saboya.
• Concepción: One of the smaller ships, commanded by Gaspar de Quesada.
• Santiago: A smaller vessel, commanded by Luís de Mendoza.
• Victoria: The smallest ship, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano after Magellan's death.

Conflict with Lapu-Lapu

• Lapu-Lapu, the chieftain of Matan, refused to submit to Spanish rule or convert to Christianity.
• This led to a conflict between Magellan and Lapu-Lapu on April 27, 1521.

Early Filipino Writing System

• The early Filipinos used a system of writing called Baybayin.
• The system consisted of 3 vowels and 14 consonants.
• Filipinos used tap of trees as ink and pointed sticks as pencils.
• They wrote on large plant leaves, tree bark, or bamboo tubes.

Early Filipino Death and Burial Practices

• Early Filipinos had specific mourning rites for the dead.
• Laraw rites for the datu had strict rules, including no loud colors, singing, or warfare.
• Maglahi was for mourning a dead man, and Morotal for mourning a dead woman.

Antonio Pigafetta’s Account of Magellan’s First Voyage

• Antonio Pigafetta's book provides valuable and detailed information about Magellan's expedition.
• It is one of the most important records narrating the journey.
• It covers the challenges, discoveries, and encounters during the voyage.

Understanding History from a Filipino Perspective

• The term "Kasaysayan" in Tagalog emphasizes meaning, relevance, and significance.
• It is the study of past events that hold meaning for individuals or groups.
• It can be transmitted both orally and in writing.

Importance of Studying History

• Studying history helps develop a deeper comprehension of the world.
• It aids in understanding ourselves and other people.
• It teaches us about change.
• It helps us become better citizens and decision-makers.
• It fosters appreciation for the past and its influence on the present.

"No Document, No History" and the Role of Evidence in Historiography

• The mantra "No Document, No History" is a principle of traditional historians.
• It highlights the importance of written documents as evidence for historical events.
• Historiography emphasizes the use of methodology and evidence-based research.
• History is not based on hearsay or gossip.

Zeus Atayza Salazar and Pantayong Pananaw

• Zeus Atayza Salazar is a Filipino historian and anthropologist.
• He is known for pioneering an emic perspective called Pantayong Pananaw (for-us, from-us perspective).
• This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding history through the lens of Filipino culture and language.
• He is often referred to as the "Father of New Philippine Historiography".

This quiz covers the pivotal event known as The Cry of Pugad Lawin, which marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. Explore various accounts from key figures like Dr. Pio Valenzuela and Santiago Alvarez, detailing where and how this historic gathering took place. Test your knowledge of this significant moment in Philippine history.