Local and Regional Governance (PUAD 313)

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Questions and Answers

What is required for a province, city, municipality, or barangay to be created or altered?

Approval by the Senate

Prior approval from the President

Majority vote in a plebiscite (correct)

Consent from neighboring provinces

What is the primary function of special metropolitan political subdivisions?

To manage national elections

To create new provinces

To provide federal oversight

To coordinate basic services (correct)

What characterizes highly urbanized cities in relation to provincial governance?

They are part of the province's electoral system

They operate independently of their respective provinces (correct)

They have no local executive assemblies

They are managed by provincial officials

What role does the President have concerning autonomous regions?

General supervision to ensure law execution Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regional development councils?

To promote administrative decentralization Signup and view all the answers

What is one condition for grouping or consolidating local government units?

Should have a common beneficial purpose Signup and view all the answers

How are autonomous regions defined in relation to historical and cultural characteristics?

By shared historical and cultural heritage Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstance do voters in component cities retain their right to vote for provincial officials?

When their charters do not prohibit voting Signup and view all the answers

What does Article I of the national territory establish about the Philippines?

It includes all islands, waters, and territories under Philippine jurisdiction. Signup and view all the answers

What principle is highlighted in Article II, Section 25 regarding local governments?

Guarantee of local government autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

Which entities are considered territorial and political subdivisions under Article X?

Provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. Signup and view all the answers

What does Article II, Section 23 promote within local governance?

Community-based organizations for national welfare. Signup and view all the answers

According to Article II, Section 26, what must be guaranteed in public service opportunities?

Equal access to opportunities and prohibition of political dynasties. Signup and view all the answers

What type of regions does Article X provide for in the Philippines?

Autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras. Signup and view all the answers

What does local autonomy allow local government units to do?

Exercise discretion in local policies and governance. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT included under the national territory as per Article I?

When an entity has partial autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for the creation of an autonomous region to be effective?

Majority of the votes in a plebiscite by constituent units Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included as a legislative power of the autonomous regions?

Judicial proceedings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of local police agencies within the autonomous regions?

Maintaining peace and order Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for enacting the organic act for each autonomous region?

The National Congress with assistance from a regional consultative commission Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the organic act’s definition of the basic structure of government for the autonomous region?

Executive department and legislative assembly Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a focus of the organic act for autonomous regions?

International trade agreements Signup and view all the answers

What must the first Congress elected under the Constitution do within eighteen months?

Pass the organic acts for autonomous regions in specified areas Signup and view all the answers

Who appoints the representatives for the regional consultative commission?

The President from a list of nominees Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of decentralization in local governance?

To grant more powers, authority, responsibilities, and resources to LGUs Signup and view all the answers

What does devolution specifically involve in the context of local governance?

The transfer of basic services, facilities, and personnel from national agencies to local units Signup and view all the answers

What does internal revenue allotment refer to?

The share of local units from the Bureau of Internal Revenue collections Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of local autonomy in the governance structure?

To enable self-governing that enhances local development and responsive governance Signup and view all the answers

What does debureaucratization involve in local governance?

Transferring government assets to the private sector Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of deconcentration in local offices?

To declog national office responsibilities by transferring some functions to local offices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'control' in local governance?

The power to modify or set aside actions taken by subordinate officers Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of development administration primarily concerned with?

Adapting and evolving public administration to cope with changes in society Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the revenue share from BIR collections is allocated to cities?

34% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT included in the allocation formula for provinces, cities, and municipalities?

Revenue Generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the proportion of the allocation formula that is derived from population?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following entities is believed to fix the assessment levels for real property tax rates?

Sanggunian Signup and view all the answers

How soon must the share in BIR collections be released to local treasurers after each quarter?

Within 5 days Signup and view all the answers

What does expenditure assignment refer to?

The functions and services performed by different levels of government Signup and view all the answers

According to Oates (1972), what is a primary consequence of centralization?

Costly divergence from local preferences in public goods provision Signup and view all the answers

Which consideration identified by Tanzi (1995) does not relate to decentralization?

Decentralization promotes economic growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of decentralization in terms of public service?

Improved quality of services through local experimentation Signup and view all the answers

How often can local government units adjust tax rates?

Once every five years, not exceeding 10% of prescribed rates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of locally generated revenue for local government units?

Business Tax on gross receipts Signup and view all the answers

What effect does decentralization have on accountability?

Promotes accountability through closer linkages between services and costs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following taxes can local government units impose on businesses?

Tax on forest products concessions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Outline

The course is titled Local and Regional Governance (PUAD 313)
The instructor is Christopher C. Mantillas, Ph.D
The course has an outline with topics including constitutional provisions on local government, overview of local governance in the Philippines, local government terminologies, decentralization, devolution, and deconcentration, and local government unit's revenue sources (taxation and fiscal administration)

The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, all islands and waters, and all other territories with the Philippines' sovereignty or jurisdiction
This includes terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, territorial sea, seabed, subsoil, insular shelves, and submarine areas.
Waters surrounding and connecting the islands are part of internal waters

Autonomous Regions

There will be autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras in the Philippines.
These autonomous regions will be built with provinces, cities, municipalities, and geographic areas.
These areas will share common and distinctive characteristics (historical, cultural heritage, economic and social structures etc) while maintaining the territorial integrity and national sovereignty.
The President has general supervision over these autonomous regions to ensure proper law execution

Local Government General Provisions

Provinces, cities, municipalities, and Barangay areas are the territorial and political subdivisions
There will be autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras, according to the guidelines provided.

Local Government Sections (1-14)

The Congress will initiate, enact, and maintain local government structure as efficient as possible
The President will supervise local governments
Local governments will have power to create their own revenue sources
Local governments will be given a just share from national taxes, automatically released
Local governments will have an equitable share in the national wealth within each respective area
Terms of office for elective local officials (except barangay officials) will be determined by law
A maximum of three consecutive terms are allowed. Voluntary renunciation is not deemed an interruption to terms
Local legislative bodies will be based on sectoral representation
Creation/division/merger/abolishment/substantial alteration to political boundaries of provinces, cities, municipalities, and/or barangays will only be possible with criteria provided in the Local Government Code. This will also need a plebiscite.
Congress can create special metropolitan political subdivisions. Component cities/municipalities will retain their basic autonomy.
Highly urbanized/Chartered cities are independent of the province they were once part of if their charter prohibits voting for provincial elective officials.
Local government units can group, consolidate, or coordinate resources for beneficial aims under the law.

Section (15-21)

The first Congress under the Constitution will create the organic acts for the autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras within 18 months
Within the territorial jurisdiction, the organic act will be in accordance to the constitution and national law
The organic act will give power to the regions but will also follow guidelines as to how those given powers should be administrated.
Preserving peace & order in the region is the local police agency's duty, and the defense will fall to the National Government
This section explains a few possible roles and duties and what they will entail in the local government system

Local Government Terminologies

Control: The power of an official to change or modify actions of their subordinate in the performance of duty, and to decide on the actions for the particular situation.
Debureaucratization: The transfer of government assets to the private sector. This is also known as privatization.
Decentralization: A system of distributing powers, authority, responsibilities and resources from a central government to local government units (LGUs). It also includes political decentralization
Deconcentration: The transfer of functions from the national level to local offices to better serve the area.
Development Administration: A pragmatic process intended to alter beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of an organization to enable the organization to adapt to present and future challenges.
Devolution: The transfer of power and functions to new governments at the local level, with more independence in decision-making and operating powers
Domicile: A permanent home for legal purposes that is a place of temporary stay.
Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA): The portion of national tax collections given to local governments. Now known as the National Tax Allotment (NTA).
Local Autonomy: The self-governance of a local government unit to develop, giving them more effective support in achieving goals, with a more responsive structure.
Local Initiative: A process for the registered voters in provinces, cities, and regions to propose, enact, or amend ordinances.
Local Government: refers to the provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays as territorial and political subdivisions
Local Taxing Authority: The power to impose taxation, charges, collect revenue according to established local guidelines
Mandanas-Garcia Ruling: Explains that national taxes, such as tariffs and customs duties, are to be included in the revenue calculation for local governments
National Tax Allotment(NTA): Annual share, 40% of actual National Tax collections, from national taxes.
Organization Development: Process intended for altering the organization through beliefs, values, and structures to improve their organization.
Recall: The right to request for repeat elections for public officials. This process is exercised by voters belonging to the area.
Referendum: The procedure where registered voters vote to approve, change or reject proposed ordinances made by their local government unit.
Residence: The place where an individual resides or lives

Local Government Unit's Revenue Allocation

The government breaks down funding for provinces, cities and municipalities. Some funds are based on population and land area, or equal distribution.

References

Different documents, including government reports and legislation, provide the detail behind the referenced information.

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Description

This quiz explores the crucial aspects of local and regional governance in the Philippines, including constitutional provisions, decentralization, and fiscal administration. Students will also examine key terminologies and the structure of local government units. Test your understanding of these important topics in governance.